Flexible power and heat generation in resilient zero carbon industry.

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In the South Wales Industrial Cluster, plans to decarbonize industrial heating processes are developing. Many of these strategies greatly rely on fuel switching to zero-carbon fuels, such as hydrogen. Many of these processes currently are fueled by natural gas, emitting vast amounts of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.The research aims to assess the impact on the heat transfer in a process, when switching fuels from natural gas to hydrogen. Specifically, through practical laboratory experiments, evaluating the fundamental differences in heat transfer modes (radiative and convective) between hydrogen and methane flames, where methane is to be used as a natural gas surrogate.The heat flux measurements will be made with a Gardon gauge heat flux sensor. Emission spectroscopy and thermocouple measurements will also be made, creating a robust methodology to evaluate the impact of fuel switching on the heat transfer from industrial flames, elucidating the potential causes for any changes found.Differences in heat transfer, between hydrogen and methane blended flames, have already been shown in this work. Specifically, the practical heat transfer to a steel billet section. The steel billet section, suspended adjacent to the flame, was fitted with surface thermocouples to consider this. In addition, the effect of geometric swirl number was assessed.Upon completion, this work aims to support a more informed fuel-switching transition, specifically in the South Wales Industrial Cluster, removing unknowns and lowering risk for early adopters of hydrogen fueling in industrial heating processes.