The future of private car ownership: who is breaking up with their car and why?

私家车所有权的未来：谁正在放弃他们的汽车，为什么？

• 批准号: 2602718
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Bath
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2602718
• 关键词: future; private; car; ownership; who

The research into the psychology of car dependency shows that travel habits are hard to change. Even when people state a desire to drive less - for example because of environmental concerns - they find it hard to change their behaviour. Many people feel, or indeed are, locked-in to system of a car ownership through a complex system of social, economic, built environment and structural factors. However, there are weak signals of change in this system with some individuals voluntarily choosing to not own a car, or to "shed" one or more cars from a multi-car household. If these behaviours are supported and amplified through policy rewards and disincentives, there could be a tipping point away from private car ownership towards a sustainable, low-carbon mobility system where active, public and shared forms of travel are the norm for the majority of urban dwellers. My hypothesis is that this tipping point away from private car ownership could be achieved with policy instruments (sticks and carrots) to amplify emerging behaviours and practices relating to voluntary non-car ownership. The aim of my PhD research is to generate new knowledge relating to the social, economic and built environment factors that favour a shift towards voluntary non-car ownership. The objectives are to gain insights into voluntary non-car ownership attitudes and practices at an individual (micro), local-regional (meso) and national (macro) level. These insights will be used to develop and test a range of scenarios for the future of private car ownership.My research will comprise four separate studies which each contribute new knowledge to the overarching research question. Study 1 (Dec 2022- July 2023) will be a systematic, transdisciplinary review of the existing research literature relating to voluntary non-car ownership. Study 2 (April 2023 - September 2023) will research policy-led action (UK and international) to constrain car ownership. This will involve a review of secondary data and primary qualitative data collection through a series of key stakeholder interviews. Study 3 (October 2023 - October 2024) will build on insights from Studies 1 and 2 to build a picture of voluntary non-car ownership through quantitative analysis of secondary UK data (census, National Travel Survey, Household Longitudinal Study, ONS/DfT sources). This will be complemented by primary qualitative data collection using mobility biographies to understand the motivation of individuals relinquishing private car ownership. The insights from the three studies will be used for Study 4 (October 2024 - July 2025) to develop future narrative scenarios for private car ownership and draw conclusions on the implications for transport policy and action. These outputs will be tested with the key stakeholders engaged in Study 2.The new knowledge developed could be used to build the evidence base for local and national governments to strengthen policy interventions to reduce private car use and ownership in urban areas. This in turn would lead to lower carbon emissions, better air quality and public places more conducive to active travel and social interaction. The research findings could equally be used by community groups/activists to campaign, and innovate locally, for improved public transport, shared mobility and walking and cycling facilities to reduce car dependency.

对汽车依赖心理的研究表明，出行习惯很难改变。即使人们表示希望少开车——比如出于环保考虑——他们也发现很难改变自己的行为。通过社会、经济、建筑环境和结构因素的复杂系统，许多人感觉或确实被锁定在汽车所有权系统中。然而，随着一些个人自愿选择不拥有汽车，或者从拥有多辆汽车的家庭中“脱手”一辆或多辆汽车，这一系统出现了微弱的变化信号。如果这些行为通过政策奖励和抑制得到支持和扩大，可能会出现一个转折点，从私人汽车所有权转向可持续的低碳交通系统，在这个系统中，积极、公共和共享的出行形式将成为大多数城市居民的常态。我的假设是，这个远离私家车的临界点可以通过政策工具（大棒和胡萝卜）来实现，以扩大与自愿非汽车所有权相关的新兴行为和实践。我博士研究的目的是产生与社会、经济和建筑环境因素相关的新知识，这些因素有利于向自愿非汽车所有权的转变。目的是深入了解个人（微观）、地方-区域（中观）和国家（宏观）层面的自愿无车态度和做法。这些见解将用于开发和测试未来私家车所有权的一系列场景。我的研究将包括四项独立的研究，每项研究都为总体研究问题提供新的知识。研究1（2022年12月至2023年7月）将是一个系统的，跨学科的审查现有的研究文献有关自愿无车所有权。研究2（2023年4月至2023年9月）将研究政策主导的行动（英国和国际），以限制汽车所有权。这将涉及通过一系列关键利益相关者访谈对次要数据和主要定性数据收集的审查。研究3（2023年10月至2024年10月）将以研究1和研究2的见解为基础，通过对英国二级数据（人口普查、全国旅行调查、家庭纵向研究、ONS/DfT来源）的定量分析，构建自愿非汽车所有权的图景。这将辅以主要的定性数据收集，使用移动性传记来了解个人放弃私家车所有权的动机。这三项研究的见解将用于研究4（2024年10月至2025年7月），以发展私人汽车所有权的未来叙事情景，并得出对交通政策和行动的影响的结论。这些产出将由参与研究2的主要利益相关者进行测试。所获得的新知识可用于为地方和国家政府建立证据基础，以加强政策干预，减少城市地区私家车的使用和拥有。这反过来将导致更低的碳排放，更好的空气质量和公共场所更有利于积极的旅行和社会互动。研究结果同样可以被社区团体/活动人士用于宣传和在当地进行创新，以改善公共交通、共享交通、步行和骑自行车设施，以减少对汽车的依赖。