Wee-g: a wideband Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Sensor for applications in Gravity Surveying and Gravitational Wave Astronomy

该项目将重点分析来自一系列Wee-g MEMS重力仪的数据。we -g是高度新颖的，也是世界上第一个MEMS重力仪（R.P. Middlemiss et al., Nature 531, 2016），它能够显示出足够的灵敏度和稳定性来监测地球潮汐：由于月球和太阳的潮汐势，地球上的弹性变形。从那时起，该团队一直致力于将该技术商业化并开发现场原型，与石油和矿产勘探，环境监测以及国防和安全领域的行业合作。该设备是在詹姆斯瓦特纳米制造中心与格拉斯哥衍生的开尔文纳米技术（KNT）合作制造的，并利用FPGA读出来监控设备和倾斜/温度环境通道。该系统将于2021年进行现场试验，目标是在2021/22年将20个单元部署到埃特纳火山一侧，成为世界上第一个火山重力成像阵列。以前从未做过分析重力仪阵列的数据，因此我们的方法将是与我们的行业合作伙伴Bridgeporth （http://www.bridgeporth.com/）进行侧侧现场试验，其中来自单个设备的数据可以与多个MEMS“像素”进行比较。我们将在一个地区部署多个MEMS传感器，并优化空间和延时调查阵列，以成像潜在的重力异常，以更高的速率获取数据以更有效地提取地震背景噪声，并应用小波分析来剔除地震噪声。我们将利用引力研究所在贝叶斯推理和机器学习方面的专业知识来识别和学习；仪器漂移通过切换仪器位置、温度灵敏度和对外部地震噪声的灵敏度，以优化返回的数据。另一个创新机会是在STFC Boulby设施和LIGO站点安装设备，以研究长期地震和重力变化

This project will focus on analysing the data from an array of Wee-g MEMS gravimeters. Wee-g is highly novel and the world's first MEMS gravimeter (R.P. Middlemiss et al., Nature 531, 2016) which was able to show sufficient sensitivity and stability to monitor the Earth tides: elastic deformations in the Earth due to the tidal potential of the Moon and the Sun. Since then, the team have been working on commercialising the technology and developing a field prototype, engaging with industries in the areas of oil & mineral prospecting, environmental monitoring and defence & security. The device is fabricated in partnership with Glasgow spin-out Kelvin Nanotechnology (KNT), within the James Watt Nanofabrication Centre, and utilises an FPGA readout to monitor both the device and tilt/temperature environmental channels. This system is undergoing field trials in 2021, with the aim to deploy 20 units onto the side of Mt Etna in 2021/22, for the world's first gravity imaging array on a volcano.Analysing data from arrays of gravimeters has never been done before, so our methodology will be to undertake side-side field trials with our industry partner Bridgeporth (http://www.bridgeporth.com/ ), where data from their single device can be compared to multiple MEMS "pixels". We will deploy multiple MEMS sensors over a region and optimise the array for spatial and time-lapse surveys, to image underlying gravity anomalies, take data at a higher rate to extract seismic background noise more efficiently, and applying wavelet analysis to notch out seismic noise. We will harness Institute for Gravitational research expertise in Bayesian inference & machine learning to identify and learn; instrumental drift via switching instrument location, temperature sensitivity, and sensitivity to external seismic noise, to optimise the data returned. A further innovative opportunity is installation of devices in the STFC Boulby facility and LIGO sites to study long term seismic and gravity changes