Global CO2 storage capacity: Modelling limitations of geography and injectivity

碳捕获和封存在减缓气候变化方面的重要性源于将大量二氧化碳注入适当的地下地质构造的潜在能力。政府间气候变化专门委员会的评估报告估计，在二氧化碳浓度到2100年稳定在450ppm的平均情景中，到2050年，储存需求接近每年15GT二氧化碳，并在2060年至2100年保持在每年约20GT。这意味着到2100年，地下储存的二氧化碳约为1200GT。然而，这些模拟估计忽略了地下储集层的地理可获得性或允许注入速度的压力限制对实现这些速度和存储量的潜在限制。在这个项目中，博士生将与伦敦帝国理工学院的地下二氧化碳储存专家以及领先的行业合作伙伴--Equinor、BP和壳牌--共同开发和部署工业规模的二氧化碳储存。PHD项目将评估地理和水库注入量限制导致全球大规模二氧化碳储存发展瓶颈的可能性。最终，我们将构建合理的发展轨迹模型，其中反映了地理和水库限制的限制。

The importance of carbon capture and storage in the mitigation of climate changes arises from the potential capacity for the injection of large volumes of CO2 into suitable subsurface geologic formations. The assessment reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change estimate that in the average of scenarios where CO2 concentration is stabilised at 450 ppm by 2100, storage demand approaches 15 Gt CO2 per year by 2050, and persists at around 20 Gt per year from 2060-2100. This represents approximately 1200 Gt CO2 stored underground by 2100. However, these modeled estimates disregard potential limitations to achieving these rates and volumes of storage from either the geographic availability of subsurface storage reservoirs, or the pressure limitations to allowable rates of injection. In this project the PhD candidate will work with experts in subsurface CO2 storage at Imperial College London, as well as the leading industry partners in developing and deploying industrial scale CO2 storage - Equinor, BP, and Shell. The PhD project will evaluate the potential for geographic and reservoir injectivity constraints to lead to bottlenecks in the development of large scale CO2 storage globally. Ultimately, we will construct models for plausible development trajectories in which constraints from geography and reservoir limitations are reflected.