Global CO2 storage capacity: Modelling limitations of geography and injectivity

碳捕获和储存在减缓气候变化方面的重要性来自于将大量二氧化碳注入适当的地下地质层的潜在能力。政府间气候变化专门委员会的评估报告估计，在到2100年二氧化碳浓度稳定在450 ppm的平均情景中，到2050年，储存需求接近每年15 Gt二氧化碳，并在2060-2100年期间保持在每年20 Gt左右。这意味着到2100年，大约有1200 Gt CO2储存在地下。然而，这些建模估计忽略了从地下储存储层的地理可用性或对允许注入速率的压力限制来实现这些速率和储存体积的潜在限制。在这个项目中，博士候选人将与伦敦帝国理工学院地下二氧化碳储存专家以及开发和部署工业规模二氧化碳储存的领先行业合作伙伴- Equinor，BP和壳牌合作。该博士项目将评估地理和储层注入能力限制导致全球大规模CO2储存发展瓶颈的潜力。最终，我们将构建合理的开发轨迹模型，其中反映了地理和油藏限制的约束。

The importance of carbon capture and storage in the mitigation of climate changes arises from the potential capacity for the injection of large volumes of CO2 into suitable subsurface geologic formations. The assessment reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change estimate that in the average of scenarios where CO2 concentration is stabilised at 450 ppm by 2100, storage demand approaches 15 Gt CO2 per year by 2050, and persists at around 20 Gt per year from 2060-2100. This represents approximately 1200 Gt CO2 stored underground by 2100. However, these modeled estimates disregard potential limitations to achieving these rates and volumes of storage from either the geographic availability of subsurface storage reservoirs, or the pressure limitations to allowable rates of injection. In this project the PhD candidate will work with experts in subsurface CO2 storage at Imperial College London, as well as the leading industry partners in developing and deploying industrial scale CO2 storage - Equinor, BP, and Shell. The PhD project will evaluate the potential for geographic and reservoir injectivity constraints to lead to bottlenecks in the development of large scale CO2 storage globally. Ultimately, we will construct models for plausible development trajectories in which constraints from geography and reservoir limitations are reflected.