Comparing Hydrogen Transport and Trapping Mechanisms: Controlling Embrittlement as a Function of Charging Method in Steels and Nickel Alloys

比较氢传输和捕获机制：根据钢和镍合金的充电方法控制脆化

• 批准号: 2616510
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Manchester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2616510
• 关键词: Comparing; Hydrogen; Transport; Trapping; Mechanisms

Many current and next generation energy systems are reliant on the production, transportation, storage and use of gaseous hydrogen, often at high pressure. The safety, durability, performance, and economic operation of such systems are challenged due to the reality that hydrogen promotes a variety of degradation modes in otherwise high performance materials. Such degradation is often manifested as cracking which compromises the structural integrity of metals and polymers; a behaviour complicated by time and operating cycle (e.g., stress, hydrogen pressure, and temperature) dependencies of degradation. As an example, concurrent stressing and hydrogen exposure at typical pressure vessel or pipeline environmental conditions can promote cracking in modern metallic systems at one-tenth the fracture toughness. Such hydrogen-induced degradation phenomena are generally categorised as hydrogen embrittlement. The breadth and importance of hydrogen damage phenomena have not gone unnoticed in the scientific community with an immense amount of work conducted over the past 100 years. The problem is broadly interdisciplinary and such work has involved metallurgy, chemistry, solid mechanics and fracture mechanics, surface science, molecular and atomic hydrogen physics, non-destructive inspection, materials characterisation, and mechanical-properties testing. This important work notwithstanding, major challenges face those tasked with managing complex engineering structures exposed to demanding environment and mechanical loading conditions. The challenge here is to transform debate on mechanisms of hydrogen damage into a focus on quantitative, predictive models of material cracking properties. Overarching these challenges is the inescapable fact that hydrogen damage problems are immensely complex, requiring understanding of time-cycle dependent processes operating at the atomic scale to impact behaviour manifest at the macroscopic scale.In this study we will attempt to characterise the hydrogen solubility, transport and trapping which govern embrittlement associated with cracking of a range of Steel and Nickel-based alloys as a function of hydrogen charging technique (i.e., gaseous charging vs electrochemical charging). Initial experiments will include hydrogen permeation studies and thermal desorption analysis for hydrogen diffusion and trap character of the above-mentioned alloy systems. Further experimental work could include fracture mechanics / fracture toughness testing as well as analytical electron microscopy. This research project is funded in part by Element Materials Technology who will also provide co-supervision. Element Materials Technology is a global provider of testing, inspection and certification services to industry, with over 200 laboratories conducting destructive testing and non-destructive testing of metals, composites, polymers, elastomers, and resins to determine their potential properties, performance, strength, durability, and resistance to corrosion. The candidate will also make use of the state-of-the-art testing facilities located within the Henry Royce Institute for Advanced Materials Research and Innovation at the University of Manchester.

许多当前和下一代能源系统依赖于气态氢的生产、运输、储存和使用，通常是在高压下。由于氢在其他高性能材料中促进了各种降解模式的现实，这类系统的安全性、耐用性、性能和经济运行受到了挑战。这种降解通常表现为破坏金属和聚合物的结构完整性的破裂；这种行为因降解的时间和运行周期(例如，应力、氢气压力和温度)而变得复杂。例如，在典型的压力容器或管道环境条件下，同时施加应力和暴露氢可以在十分之一的断裂韧性下促进现代金属系统的开裂。这种氢致降解现象通常被归类为氢脆。在过去的100年里，科学界进行了大量的工作，氢损伤现象的广度和重要性并不是没有引起注意。这一问题涉及广泛的跨学科，这些工作涉及冶金、化学、固体力学和断裂力学、表面科学、分子和原子氢物理、无损检测、材料表征和机械性能测试。尽管这是一项重要的工作，但管理暴露在苛刻环境和机械载荷条件下的复杂工程结构的任务仍然面临重大挑战。这里的挑战是将关于氢损伤机制的辩论转变为对材料开裂性能的定量预测模型的关注。突出这些挑战的是一个不可避免的事实，即氢损伤问题是极其复杂的，需要了解在原子尺度上运行的与时间周期相关的过程，以影响宏观尺度上的行为。在这项研究中，我们将试图表征氢的溶解性、传输和陷阱，这些因素控制着一系列钢和镍基合金的脆化，作为氢充电技术的功能(即，气体充电与电化学充电)。初步实验将包括氢渗透研究和热脱附分析，以研究上述合金系统的氢扩散和陷阱特性。进一步的实验工作可以包括断裂力学/断裂韧性测试以及分析电子显微镜。这项研究项目由元素材料技术公司提供部分资金，该公司还将提供共同监督。元素材料科技是一家为工业提供测试、检验和认证服务的全球提供商，拥有200多家实验室，对金属、复合材料、聚合物、弹性体和树脂进行破坏性测试和无损测试，以确定它们的潜在性能、性能、强度、耐久性和耐腐蚀性。候选人还将利用位于曼彻斯特大学亨利·罗伊斯先进材料研究和创新研究所内的最先进的测试设施。