Neural Mechanisms Underlying the Protective Effects of Familism on Drug Use among

家庭主义对吸毒者的保护作用背后的神经机制

• 批准号: 7996659
• 负责人: Eva Haimo Telzer
• 金额: $ 3.21万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-20 至 2012-09-19
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7996659
• 关键词: Adolescence; Adolescent; Age; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Buffers; Child; Development; Drug usage; Emotional; Esthesia; Evaluation; Family; Friends; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Individual Differences; Informal Social Control; Knowledge; Latino; Lead; Life; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measures; Methods; Mexican; Neurosciences; Participant; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Population; Recording of previous events; Relative (related person); Research; Rewards; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk-Taking; Role; System; Time; Youth; adolescent drug use; cognitive control; design; diaries; externalizing behavior; neural circuit; neuromechanism; programs; protective effect; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; successful intervention

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Latino adolescents have higher rates of drug use and begin using drugs at an earlier age than other U.S. youth. Given the serious consequences of drug use, it is imperative to identify culturally relevant factors that can enhance the development of efforts to reduce drug use among this population. Familism is a specific type of family connection important to Latino families that implies the children's role in the support and assistance of their family. Recent research suggests that familism is a culturally relevant protective factor against drug use among Latinos, but the mechanisms by which it functions are not well understood. Evidence from developmental neuroscience suggests that risk taking behavior increases during adolescence partly due to changes in the brain's neural circuitry. The cognitive control system, which is involved in self-regulation, develops more slowly relative to the socio-emotional system, which is involved in reward evaluation and sensitivity. This neural imbalance may hinder appropriate evaluation of risk and bias youth towards risky decisions. Familism may function by influencing these neural systems and their correlates to real-life risk taking. The proposed research will utilize a multi-method, longitudinal program of research, including daily diaries and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), to examine the neural mechanisms by which familism buffers Latino youth from drug use. This study will also examine how neural responses to risk taking predict behavioral changes in drug use behaviors over time. No previous studies have examined the role of culture on the neural correlates of risky behavior. METHOD: Thirty-two Mexican origin adolescents who have no history of drug use will complete a daily diary for two weeks examining their family assistance behaviors. Participants will then come in for an fMRI scan, in which they complete a family assistance and risk taking task. One year later, participants will complete measures of their drug use and risk taking behaviors. Analyses will examine the extent to which individual differences in family assistance (as measured during the daily diary) correlate with increased cognitive control and reduced reward system activity when making risky decisions during the risk taking task. In addition, analyses will examine whether the buffering effects of familism on neural sensitivity to risk taking predict changes in adolescents' real-life risk behaviors including less drug initiation, association with risky friends, sensation seeking, and externalizing behavior. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This research will lead to an increased understanding of how the cognitive control and reward systems relate to familism and real-life drug use and risk taking behaviors. This knowledge has the potential to inform the design of successful interventions that can efficiently target these systems to help reduce drug initiation among Latino youth.

描述（由申请人提供）：与其他美国青少年相比，拉丁裔青少年的吸毒率更高，并且开始吸毒的年龄更早。鉴于吸毒造成的严重后果，必须确定与文化相关的因素，以加强减少这一人群吸毒的努力。家庭主义是一种对拉丁裔家庭很重要的特殊家庭联系类型，它意味着孩子在家庭的支持和帮助中所扮演的角色。最近的研究表明，家庭主义是拉丁美洲人防止吸毒的文化相关保护因素，但其作用机制尚不清楚。发育神经科学的证据表明，青春期冒险行为增加的部分原因是大脑神经回路的变化。涉及自我调节的认知控制系统相对于涉及奖励评估和​​敏感性的社会情感系统发展得更慢。这种神经失衡可能会阻碍对风险的适当评估，并使青少年倾向于做出冒险的决定。家庭主义可能通过影响这些神经系统及其与现实生活中的冒险行为的相关性来发挥作用。拟议的研究将利用多方法、纵向研究计划，包括日常日记和功能磁共振成像（fMRI），来研究家庭主义缓冲拉丁裔青少年吸毒的神经机制。这项研究还将研究对冒险的神经反应如何预测吸毒行为随时间的变化。之前没有研究探讨文化对危险行为的神经相关性的作用。方法：三十二名没有吸毒史的墨西哥裔青少年将在两周内完成每日日记，检查他们的家庭援助行为。然后参与者将进行功能磁共振成像扫描，在扫描中他们完成家庭援助和冒险任务。一年后，参与者将完成对其药物使用和冒险行为的测量。分析将检查家庭援助中的个体差异（在每日日记中测量）与在冒险任务期间做出冒险决策时认知控制的增强和奖励系统活动的减少相关的程度。此外，分析还将检验家庭主义对冒险神经敏感性的缓冲作用是否可以预测青少年现实生活中风险行为的变化，包括减少吸毒、与有风险的朋友交往、寻求感觉和外化行为。 公共卫生相关性：这项研究将加深人们对认知控制和奖励系统如何与家庭主义、现实生活中的吸毒和冒险行为之间的关系的理解。这些知识有可能为成功干预措施的设计提供信息，这些干预措施可以有效地针对这些系统，以帮助减少拉丁裔青少年的吸毒情况。