Why help? Understanding the role of children and young people in preventing sexual violence as bystanders in England.

针对儿童的性暴力对儿童和青少年具有深远的长期影响（英国政府，2015）。儿童可能是性暴力的受害者、施暴者或旁观者，有时甚至同时是受害者（Hoefnagels &Zwikker, 2001）。通过一个定性和参与性的研究设计，包括基于漫画的小插曲，本研究将寻求建立一个新的框架，以理解影响英国年轻人（14-17岁）是否以及如何作为旁观者预防针对儿童的性暴力的障碍和促进因素。青少年旁观行为的障碍和促进因素因旁观者与罪犯和受害者的关系而异。本研究将通过将该模型扩展到针对儿童的性暴力的应用来解决旁观者干预方面的文献空白，这是一个迄今为止尚未得到充分研究的问题（NSPCC, 2015）。值得注意的是，儿童是虐待儿童最常见的旁观者，但他们很少参与有关虐待儿童的研究（Hoefnagels & Zwikker,2001）。因此，这项研究将促进认识年轻人在性暴力预防干预和研究方面的作用。在这方面，该项目批判性地挑战了关于年轻人被动受害的主流话语。最后，本研究旨在通过青少年自身的视角，为理解青少年在预防针对儿童的性暴力方面的角色提供应用学术政策和实践相关的见解。

Sexual violence against children has profound long-termconsequences on children and young people (UK Government,2015). Children may be victims, perpetrators or bystanders tosexual violence, sometimes even concurrently (Hoefnagels &Zwikker, 2001). Through a qualitative and participatoryresearch design involving comic-based vignettes, this study willseek to develop a new framework for understanding thebarriers and facilitators that influence whether and how youngpeople (14-17 years old) in England may prevent sexualviolence against children as bystanders. Barriers andfacilitators to bystander action of young people vary dependingon the relationship of the bystander to the offender and thevictim. This study will address gaps in the literature onbystander intervention by extending the application of themodel to sexual violence against children, an issue which hasbeen understudied thus far (NSPCC, 2015). Notably, childrenare the most common bystanders of child abuse yet they arerarely involved in research about it (Hoefnagels & Zwikker,2001). Thus, the study will advance knowledge on recognisingyoung people's agency related to sexual violence preventioninterventions and research. In this, the project criticallychallenges the dominant discourse on young people's passivevictimisation. Finally, the study aims to contribute appliedacademic policy and practice relevant insights onunderstanding young people's roles related to the prevention ofsexual violence against children through the perspective ofyoung people themselves.