The role of Community-based RJ Projects in the Formulation and Deployment of an Adult Restorative Justice Strategy for Northern Ireland.

北爱尔兰(NI)是一个冲突后社会，仍在努力应对暴力的后果。在近30年的政治冲突中，非正式形式的义务警员司法在当地社区成为常态。武装准军事组织主要通过暴力惩罚制度控制对被认为是犯罪的反应。以社区为基础的恢复性司法(CBRJ)项目是为了应对这种暴力而形成的，并试图结束准军事组织有效地维持自己社区的治安(McEvoy和Mika，2002年)。研究人员强调了这种从冲突过渡带来的挑战，指出它如何为国家司法机构留下了一个独特的公民正义舞台，在许多方面继续在冲突中明显的相同部落边界内运作(欧文，2003)。过去的其他习惯仍然存在，社会的相当一部分人执着于对被认为的不当行为做出惩罚性反应，而不是专注于恢复与和解(McNaull，2016)。正如里士满和热齐姆·维索卡(2021)所强调的那样，正在进行的和平与和解进程需要解决社会中的不信任和猜疑问题，这些问题仍然与社区和国家的角度相关。自2007年以来，两个CBRJ项目已根据2007年政府议定书获得认可，它们的工作被认为是有价值的，既可以使当地社区远离武装团体持续存在的暴力，也可以通过其伙伴关系工作使警察等关键国家行为者更接近当地社区(CJI，2019年)。恢复性司法在关键政府部门站稳脚跟的方式，导致了对RJ采取更正式方法的呼声，导致了拟议的成人恢复性司法战略(ARJS)。这一战略正在寻求创造一种全面的恢复性方法，建立在嵌入RJ实践的现有青年司法立法的基础上。特别是，ARJS提供了一个机会，以便“与社会合作……更好地满足犯罪受害者的需要，并为其造成的伤害提供补救”(司法部，2020年，第5页)。这项研究将探讨这些新的提议和潜在的“伙伴关系”对CBRJ项目的未来意味着什么，并将分析它们在北爱尔兰独特的过渡背景下重新制定应对犯罪和危害对策的精神和应用的潜力。

Northern Ireland (NI) is a post conflict society still grappling with the aftermath of violence. During the almost 30 years of political conflict, informal forms of vigilante justice became normal practice in local communities. With armed paramilitary organisations predominantly controlling responses to perceived crime through violent punishment regimes. Community based restorative justice (CBRJ) projects were formed as a response to such violence and attempted to put an end to the paramilitaries effectively policing their own communities (McEvoy and Mika, 2002). Researchers have highlighted challenges posed by this transition from conflict noting how it has left NI with a distinctively unique civic justice arena that in many ways continues to operate within the same tribal boundaries evident in the conflict (Irwin, 2003). Other habits of the past remain with significant sections of society wedded to punitive responses to perceived wrongdoing rather than focusing on restoration and reconciliation (Mcnaull, 2016). As Richmond and Gëzim Visoka, (2021) highlight, the ongoing processes of peace and reconciliation need to address issues of mistrust and suspicion in society , issues that remain pertinent from both a community and state perspective.It is amidst this transitional setting that CBRJ projects operate in many of the local communities most impacted by conflict. Since 2007, two CBRJ projects have been accredited under the 2007 government protocol with their work being viewed as valuable both in terms of moving local communities away from the violence perpetuated by armed groups, and in bringing key state actors like the police closer to local communities through their partnership work (CJI, 2019). The way restorative justice has gained a foothold across key government sectors has led to callings for a more formalised approach to RJ, resulting in a proposed Adult Restorative Justice Strategy (ARJS). This strategy is looking to create an overarching restorative approach, building on the existing Youth Justice legislation which embeds RJ practice. Particularly, the ARJS provides an opportunity to 'better meet the needs of, and provide redress for the harm caused to, victims of crime...in partnership with the community' (Department of Justice, 2020, p.5). This research will explore what these new proposals and potential 'partnerships' mean, for the future of the CBRJ projects, and will analyse their potential to reframe both the ethos and application of responses to crime and harm amidst Northern Ireland's unique transitional context.