Causality between Youth Employment and Problem Behavior

青年就业与问题行为之间的因果关系

• 批准号: 7060790
• 负责人: SHAWN D BUSHWAY
• 金额: $ 3.75万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-06-01 至 2006-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7060790
• 关键词: academic achievement; adolescence (12-20); behavioral /social science research tag; child behavior disorders; clinical research; employment /unemployment; gender difference; goal oriented behavior; human data; longitudinal human study; racial /ethnic difference; social class

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Youths who work longer hours during high school tend to have higher rates of crime and substance use, among other problem behaviors. On the basis of this and other research demonstrating the adverse consequences of an extensive work commitment during high school, the National Research Council (1998) has called for policymakers to establish stricter limits on the number of hours per week that 16 and 17 year olds may work. However, recent empirical research demonstrates the possibility of severe bias due to inattention to unobserved sources of heterogeneity. In this research project, we propose taking advantage of two unique characteristics of a nationally representative panel of youths. First, since respondents are followed over a period of five years, we use a fixed effects panel estimator to adjust for the omission of relevant time-invariant characteristics. Second, we exploit state-to-state variation in the restrictiveness of child labor laws, and the fact that these child labor laws become less restrictive with increasing age. The resulting model is based on a fixed-effects instrumental variables (FEIV) estimator. In this model, identification of the "work intensity effect" is predicated on exogenous within-individual change in school-year work hours that can be attributed to the easing of child labor restrictions as youths age out of their legal status as minors. The FEIV model provides an especially powerful test of the thesis that intensive employment during the school year is causally related to involvement in problem behavior.

描述（由申请人提供）：在高中期间工作时间较长的年轻人往往有较高的犯罪率和药物使用率，以及其他问题行为。根据这一研究和其他研究，证明了高中期间大量工作的不利后果，国家研究理事会（1998年）呼吁决策者对16岁和17岁奥尔兹每周工作的小时数规定更严格的限制。然而，最近的实证研究表明，由于不注意未观察到的异质性来源的严重偏差的可能性。 在这个研究项目中，我们建议利用一个具有全国代表性的青年小组的两个独特的特点。首先，由于受访者被跟踪了五年，我们使用固定效应面板估计来调整相关时不变特征的遗漏。第二，我们利用国家与国家之间童工法限制性的差异，以及这些童工法随着年龄的增长而变得不那么限制的事实。由此产生的模型是基于固定效应工具变量（FEIV）估计。在这个模型中，“工作强度效应”的识别是基于外生的个体内学年工作时间的变化，这可以归因于放宽童工限制，因为年轻人的年龄超出了他们作为未成年人的法律的地位。FEIV模型提供了一个特别强大的测试的论文，在学年密集就业是因果关系的问题行为的参与。