Addressing knowledge gaps for improved faecal sludge management (FSM) as part of reaching Citywide Inclusive Sanitation (CWIS).

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The study would look at a range of organizations where there are ongoing attempts to formalize manual pit emptiers, and where the key logistical barriers to safe faecal sludge disposal are being addressed. In this way the research would be able to review the less tangible barriers to behaviour change of MPE. Case study locations would have common underlying factors, such as similar latrine technology, anal cleansing methods, and solid waste challenges.