Biological Targets from Oxetane Templates

氧杂环丁烷模板的生物靶标

• 批准号: 7015590
• 负责人: Amy Howell
• 金额: $ 25.29万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT STORRS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-02-01 至 2008-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7015590
• 关键词: T cell receptor; antigen presentation; autoimmune disorder; biophysics; ceramides; chemical binding; chemical structure; chemical synthesis; flow cytometry; glycosphingolipids; immunomodulators; interleukin 4; oxetane

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Strained heterocycles are found in a number of biologically important molecules and play a key role as synthetic intermediates because of their reactivity and their ability to relay chiral information. We propose to employ methodology we have developed centered around oxetanes to prepare molecules that address the role of glycolipids in immunomodulation and compounds that may have therapeutic applications in viral, bacterial, and autoimmune diseases, in cancer treatment and in control of mosquito populations. Recent studies have identified the CD1 family of proteins as novel, antigen-presenting molecules encoded by genes located outside of the MHC. Further, the antigens presented by CD1 are largely glycolipids. Structural, biochemical and biophysical studies suggest that the CD1 proteins bind the hydrophobic alkyl portions of the antigens and position the polar head groups of the bound lipids for specific interactions with the T cell receptors. Although the investigations of the CD1 family are in their infancy, already this family has been implicated in such worldwide diseases as juvenile diabetes, multiple sclerosis, malaria and cancer. One member of the family, CD1d, has been found to be the antigen presenting protein for KRN7000, an alpha-galactosyl ceramide currently in clinical trials for the treatment of metastatic cancer. The tremendous therapeutic potential associated with the CD1 family means that an understanding of the factors influencing interactions of the glycolipids with CD1 antigen-presenting proteins and their subsequent engagement of specific T cell receptors is timely and important. The focus of this proposal is the exploitation of methodology we have developed to prepare a rationally designed set of glycosyl ceramides that vary in both the ceramide and sugar epitopes in order to probe the role of both the lipid and the saccharide in immunological responses. The scaffold for the construction of the ceramide portion of the glycolipids is a serine-derived oxetan-2-one. This versatile template can be efficiently transformed to aminodiols, aminotriols or 4,5-unsaturated aminodiol sphingoid bases that are readily converted to ceramides. The glycosphingolipids prepared will be used to examine the relationship between biophysical parameters such as dissociation constants and t1/2s and the nature of the immune response. Moreover, the level of release of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma will be assayed in order to gain an understanding of structural effects on cytokine release. Those compounds that release high levels of IL-4 will be investigated for their therapeutic potential for the treatment of autoimmune conditions. In addition, laureatin, a compound that has shown promising activity against Culex pipiens pallens mosquito larvae, will be synthesized from a 1,5-dioxaspiro[3.2]hexane template and be assessed as a larvicide against malarial mosquito vectors. The massive worldwide morbidity and mortality associated with malaria, the rise of insecticide resistance in the current classes, and the dearth of new classes make this a timely project.

性状（由申请人提供）：应变杂环存在于许多生物学重要分子中，由于其反应性和传递手性信息的能力，作为合成中间体发挥着关键作用。我们建议采用我们围绕氧杂环丁烷开发的方法，以制备解决糖脂在免疫调节中的作用的分子，以及可能在病毒，细菌和自身免疫性疾病，癌症治疗和蚊子种群控制中具有治疗应用的化合物。最近的研究已经确定了CD 1蛋白家族是由位于MHC之外的基因编码的新型抗原呈递分子。此外，由CD 1呈递的抗原主要是糖脂。结构、生物化学和生物物理学研究表明，CD 1蛋白结合抗原的疏水性烷基部分，并定位结合脂质的极性头部基团，用于与T细胞受体的特异性相互作用。虽然对CD 1家族的研究还处于起步阶段，但该家族已经与青少年糖尿病、多发性硬化症、疟疾和癌症等世界性疾病有关。该家族的一个成员CD 1d被发现是KRN 7000的抗原呈递蛋白，KRN 7000是一种α-半乳糖基神经酰胺，目前正在临床试验中用于治疗转移性癌症。与CD 1家族相关的巨大治疗潜力意味着了解影响糖脂与CD 1抗原呈递蛋白相互作用及其随后与特异性T细胞受体的相互作用的因素是及时和重要的。该建议的重点是开发我们已经开发的方法来制备一组合理设计的糖基神经酰胺，其在神经酰胺和糖表位上都不同，以探测脂质和糖在免疫应答中的作用。用于构建糖脂的神经酰胺部分的支架是丝氨酸衍生的氧杂环丁烷-2-酮。这种多功能模板可以有效地转化为氨基二醇、氨基三醇或4，5-不饱和氨基二醇类鞘氨醇碱，这些碱很容易转化为神经酰胺。制备的鞘糖脂将用于检查生物物理参数（如解离常数和t1/2s）与免疫应答性质之间的关系。此外，将测定IL-2、IL-4和IFN-γ的释放水平，以了解对细胞因子释放的结构影响。将研究释放高水平IL-4的那些化合物用于治疗自身免疫性病症的治疗潜力。此外，将从1，5-二氧杂螺[3.2]己烷模板合成一种对淡色库蚊幼虫具有良好活性的化合物劳雷汀，并将其作为一种对疟疾蚊媒的杀幼虫剂进行评估。世界范围内与疟疾相关的大规模发病率和死亡率，当前类别中杀虫剂抗性的上升以及新类别的缺乏使这成为一个及时的项目。