Subjective experience as a basis for reality monitoring over memory

主观经验作为记忆现实监控的基础

• 批准号: 2673154
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Cambridge
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2673154
• 关键词: Subjective; experience; basis; reality; monitoring

'Reality monitoring' is the process of establishing whether our memories were externally generated (such as a memory of something we perceived), or internally generated (such as a memory of a thought or imagination). This project aims to characterise the neural and computational mechanisms by which aspects of the phenomenology of memory are employed in the process of reality monitoring. Importantly, this ability can go awry in affective and psychotic mental health disorders. Therefore, more precise characterisation of these mechanisms will help us understand how they can malfunction, and ultimately how to target treatment for such malfunctioning.Study 1 (April 2022 - January 2023): Do individuals differ in reality monitoring strategy?Methods: online behavioural study, computational modellingTraining: Python Machine Learning course, Accelerate-Spark Machine Learning Academy (April-June 2022)While there has been much research into individual differences in reality monitoring performance, there has been little investigation into individual differences in the strategies used to accomplish this. Understanding such strategy differences could inform individualised treatment for reality monitoring deficits in mental health disorders. I will investigate whether people with no mental imagery (a condition known as aphantasia) differ systematically in their strategy used for reality monitoring over memory. I will give an online reality monitoring task to aphantasic individuals and matched controls. I will use computational modelling to establish whether strategy used is modulated by trait imagery. I will follow up with a confirmatory and longitudinal replication, assessing whether individual differences are stable over a three-week delay.Study 2 (January 2023 - December 2023): What are the neural mechanisms of the feeling vs. judgement that a memory is real?Methods: EEGTraining: EEG courseThe cognitive judgement that something is real can dissociate from the feeling that it was real, such as when the memory of a dream feels real even when we know it was a dream. However, little is known about the neural underpinnings of the phenomenological feeling of reality compared with explicit reality judgements. I will use EEG to establish if the neural time-courses of the phenomenological feeling and explicit judgement that a memory was real are dissociable.Study 3: (January 2024-January 2025) Does cortical reactivation reflect reality monitoring strategy?Methods: fMRITraining: fMRI courseReactivation of encoding-related patterns at memory retrieval varies parametrically with memory vividness and detail. However, it not known whether graded cortical reactivation supports how real a memory feels. Using a recently-developed technique to distinguish qualitative and quantitative individual differences in fMRI data, combined with multivariate pattern analysis, I will assess whether individual differences in reality monitoring are supported by qualitative or quantitative differences in cortical reactivation. ConclusionOverall, this project aims to characterise the neural and computational mechanisms by which (1) individuals differ in reality monitoring strategy, and (2) reality monitoring feeling and judgement may dissociate. This could pave the way for more precise treatments for reality monitoring deficits which are specifically tailored to the way in which a particular individual's reality monitoring system is malfunctioning.

“现实监控”是确定我们的记忆是外部生成的（例如我们感知到的事物的记忆）还是内部生成的（例如思想或想象的记忆）的过程。该项目旨在表征神经和计算机制，通过这些机制在现实监控过程中采用记忆现象学的各个方面。重要的是，这种能力可能会在情感和精神心理健康障碍中出现问题。因此，更精确地表征这些机制将帮助我们了解它们如何发生故障，以及最终如何针对此类故障进行针对性治疗。研究1（2022年4月-2023年1月）：个体在现实监控策略上是否存在差异？方法：在线行为研究，计算建模培训：Python机器学习课程，Accelerate-Spark机器学习学院（2022年4月-6月）虽然对于现实中的个体差异有很多研究 监控绩效时，几乎没有对用于实现这一目标的策略的个体差异进行调查。了解这种策略差异可以为精神健康障碍中现实监测缺陷的个体化治疗提供信息。我将调查没有心理意象（一种称为失语症）的人在用于现实监控记忆的策略上是否存在系统性差异。我将为失忆者和匹配的对照者提供在线现实监控任务。我将使用计算模型来确定所使用的策略是否受到特质意象的调节。我将进行验证性和纵向复制，评估个体差异在三周的延迟后是否稳定。研究 2（2023 年 1 月 - 2023 年 12 月）：记忆真实性的感觉与判断的神经机制是什么？方法：脑电图训练：脑电图课程对某件事是真实的认知判断可能与它是真实的感觉分离，例如当梦的记忆感觉真实时，即使我们知道它 是一个梦。然而，与明确的现实判断相比，人们对现实的现象学感觉的神经基础知之甚少。我将使用脑电图来确定现象学感觉和记忆真实性的明确判断的神经时间进程是否是可分离的。研究 3：（2024 年 1 月-2025 年 1 月）皮质重新激活是否反映了现实监控策略？方法：fMRI 训练：fMRI 课程记忆检索时编码相关模式的重新激活随记忆生动性和细节而参数变化。然而，尚不清楚分级皮质再激活是否支持记忆的真实感。使用最近开发的技术来区分功能磁共振成像数据中的定性和定量个体差异，结合多变量模式分析，我将评估现实监测中的个体差异是否得到皮质再激活的定性或定量差异的支持。结论总体而言，该项目旨在表征（1）个体在现实监控策略上存在差异，以及（2）现实监控感觉和判断可能分离的神经和计算机制。这可以为更精确地治疗现实监控缺陷铺平道路，这些缺陷是专门针对特定个人的现实监控系统发生故障的方式而定制的。