Neural basis of flexible decisions in naturalistic environments

自然环境中灵活决策的神经基础

• 批准号: 10723707
• 负责人: Ramanujan Srinath
• 金额: $ 11.48万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-30 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10723707
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; 3D virtual reality; Address; Affect; Alzheimer' s Disease; Alzheimer' s disease patient; Animals; Area; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Process; Brain; Charge; Clinical; Code; Cognition; Cognitive; Complex; Cues; Development; Disease; Distant; Early Diagnosis; Education; Electrophysiology (science); Environment; Familiarity; Food; Food Inspection; Fruit; Future; Goals; Health; Human; Impairment; Investigation; Learning; Location; Measures; Mediating; Mentors; Modeling; Monkeys; Neurons; Novelty-Seeking Behaviors; Outcome; Pattern; Population; Prefrontal Cortex; Property; Psychophysics; Public Health; Published Comment; Research; Rewards; Role; Route; Scanning; Shapes; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; Source; Stimulus; Stroke; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Trees; Vision; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Perception; Visual System; Visual attention; area V4; cognitive process; design; effective intervention; entorhinal cortex; experience; experimental study; extrastriate visual cortex; flexibility; forest; frontal lobe; gaze; improved; neural; novel; object recognition; programs; response; skills; success; theories; tool; virtual environment; virtual reality; virtual reality environment; visual information; visual process; visual processing

PROJECT SUMMARY The brain does not simply passively process visual information about the objects in the world. It is charged with placing this information about objects in the context of their environment relative to us in a way that helps us interact with them. To forage for food in the wild, an animal recognizes distant fruits, weighs the effort to get to each fruit against its perceived ripeness, makes and executes a route plan, and learns from the experience. This is possible because our vision enables two remarkable abilities – filtering out irrelevant information like inedible branches and leaves to focus on the fruit and creating flexible plans to reach the goal that can be altered on the fly. To study the neural basis of these abilities, I will use new conceptual and technological advances to study object vision in the context of cognition and naturalistic interactions like navigation and foraging to formulate a unified theory of how vision enables flexible behavior. Several computations in brain areas, like the prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex, etc., have been thought to mediate flexible behavior in various cognitive contexts like attention, working memory, and navigation. In this proposal, I will test the central hypothesis that signals in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) related to those different forms of flexibility reflect computations that guide how object properties are read out of visual area V4. To encourage the combination of several sources of visual information and interaction with objects in the task, I have designed a virtual reality foraging platform to test the following hypotheses about how object vision enables flexible behavior. In aim 1, I will test whether and how computations in dlPFC (previously identified in the context of attention) mediate the foraging of objects that have a narrow range of learned desirable properties by affecting the readout of relevant and irrelevant properties from V4. In aim 2, I will study how object familiarity is encoded in a viewpoint-invariant fashion and how interactions between V4 and dlPFC guide foraging behavior. In aim 3, I will explore how visual processing enables learned associations between objects and sequential actions by comparing the changes in neural activity in V4 and dlPFC that lead to the execution of sequential choices. The results of these studies will have broad scientific implications for models of visual perception that explain behavior and clinical implications for how object interaction, association, and action execution can be impaired in stroke and Alzheimer’s disease patients while visual processing is spared. Skills gained in the mentored portion – developing a visual foraging VR task and measuring and manipulating attention-like signals in dlPFC – along with my experience in generating visual scenes to analyze neural coding, will set the stage for future studies of the cognitive processes that shape visually guided experiences and actions in health and disease.

项目摘要 大脑并不是简单地被动地处理关于世界上物体的视觉信息。收取 把这些关于物体的信息放在它们相对于我们的环境中， 我们与他们互动。为了在野外觅食，动物会识别远处的水果，权衡获得食物的努力， 每一个水果对它的感知成熟度，制定和执行路线计划，并从经验中学习。 这是可能的，因为我们的视觉使两个显着的能力-过滤掉无关的信息， 不能食用的树枝和树叶，专注于水果，并制定灵活的计划，以达到目标，可以 在飞行中改变。为了研究这些能力的神经基础，我将使用新的概念和技术， 在认知和自然交互（如导航）的背景下研究物体视觉的进展， 搜寻，以制定一个统一的理论，视觉如何使灵活的行为。 大脑区域的一些计算，如前额叶皮层，内嗅皮层等，向来被认为 在注意力、工作记忆和导航等各种认知环境中调节灵活行为。在这 建议，我将测试中心假设，即信号在背外侧前额叶皮层（dlPFC）有关， 这些不同形式的灵活性反映了指导如何从视觉中读取对象属性的计算。 V4区。为了鼓励结合视觉信息的几个来源和与物体的互动， 为了完成这项任务，我设计了一个虚拟现实觅食平台来测试以下关于物体如何 愿景使灵活的行为成为可能。在aim 1中，我将测试dlPFC中的计算是否以及如何进行（以前 在注意力的背景下识别）调解具有狭窄范围的学习对象的觅食 通过影响从V4中读出相关和不相关的属性来获得期望的属性。在目标2中，我将学习 对象熟悉度如何以视点不变的方式编码，以及V4和dlPFC之间的交互如何 引导觅食行为在目标3中，我将探索视觉处理如何使学习的关联， 通过比较V4和dlPFC的神经活动变化， 执行顺序选择。 这些研究的结果将对视觉感知模型产生广泛的科学影响， 解释对象交互、关联和动作执行如何能够 中风和老年痴呆症患者的视觉处理功能受损，而视觉处理功能则得以保留。获得的技能 指导部分-开发视觉觅食VR任务，测量和操纵注意力信号 在dlPFC -沿着我的经验，在产生视觉场景分析神经编码，将设置阶段， 未来的认知过程的研究，塑造视觉引导的经验和行动，在健康和 疾病