Binding of temporal and spectral features in bat sonar

蝙蝠声纳中时间和光谱特征的绑定

• 批准号: 7005682
• 负责人: JAMES Arthur SIMMONS
• 金额: $ 33.4万
• 依托单位: BROWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-12-15 至 2008-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7005682
• 关键词: Chiroptera; auditory discrimination; auditory pathways; behavior test; computational neuroscience; form /pattern perception; neural information processing; neurophysiology; psychophysiology; sonar; sound frequency; sound perception

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Echolocating big brown bats perceive sonar images that have distance, or target range, as their primary dimension. Distances to objects are determined from the delay of echoes, but the bat's images also depict the locations of reflecting points within each object as the basis for representing target shape. Echoes from parts of objects arrive so close together that that they overlap to form an interference spectrum, and the bat determines the separation of the target's parts from the frequencies of notches in this spectrum. However, the distance to each part of the object is depicted in the images by transforming the pattern of notches into true delay estimates. The objective of the proposed research is to understand how spectral information about the small time separations of echoes from different parts of the same object is bound with spike-timing information about the overall delay of echoes for the distance to the object as a whole. In the auditory cortex, this binding process is based on temporal coincidences between spikes representing overall delay independent of the echo spectrum and spikes representing the delay of echoes that have spectral notches, thus serving as a model for temporal feature binding as a general perceptual phenomenon. The project consists of behavioral experiments to measure the width of the bat's time windows for binding spectral delay estimates to temporal delay estimates and neuropsychological experiments to trace the movement of information about the echo spectrum from one delay to another using the same acoustic stimuli as in the behavioral experiments. A biologically realistic computational model of echo processing will be used as a tool for linking the behavioral and physiological findings.

描述（由申请人提供）：将大棕色蝙蝠的回声视为具有距离或目标范围作为其主要维度的声纳图像。对象的距离是从回声的延迟中确定的，但是蝙蝠的图像还描绘了每个对象中反射点的位置作为表示目标形状的基础。来自物体部分的回声到达如此之近，以至于它们重叠以形成干扰频谱，并且蝙蝠决定了目标部分与该频谱中置换频率的分离。但是，图像中通过将缺口的模式转换为真实延迟估计值来描绘对象的每个部分的距离。拟议的研究的目的是了解有关与同一对象不同部分的回声相距较小的光谱信息如何绑定到有关回声整体距离与整个物体的距离的总体延迟的尖峰信息。在听觉皮层中，这种结合过程基于代表整体延迟的尖峰之间的时间巧合，独立于回声频谱和代表具有光谱凹口的回声的延迟的尖峰，因此作为时间特征结合的模型作为一般感知现象。该项目由行为实验组成，以测量蝙蝠的时间窗口的宽度，用于结合光谱延迟估计到时间延迟估计和神经心理学实验，以追踪有关使用与行为实验相同的声学刺激的信息从一个延迟到另一个延迟到另一个延迟的信息的运动。回声处理的生物学现实计算模型将用作连接行为和生理发现的工具。