The effect of contaminants on mechanisms underlying invasive species impact

污染物对入侵物种影响机制的影响

• 批准号: 2699625
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of the West of Scotland
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2699625
• 关键词: effect; contaminants; mechanisms; underlying; invasive

Freshwater biodiversity is under threat from a number of drivers of global change including habitat degradation by aquatic contamination and the spread of invasive species. Habitat degradation is known to increase the success of invasive species, however the mechanisms by which this occurs remain unclear. The broad aim of this study is to develop a better understanding of the abiotic determinants of species invasions. This will be done by comparing the responses of a suite of native to invasive Gammaridae species to potentially toxic element (PTE) exposure. The first part of this project involved determining suitable PTE concentrations and their bioavailability. Environmental data from freshwater monitoring sites across Europe were analysed to develop an environmentally realistic mixture of PTEs for use in future studies. The PTE mixture was determined by finding the most prevalent contaminants from the list of PTE's, which other contaminants they're most correlated with and the ratios at which their concentrations are found together.These environmentally realistic mixtures will be used to look at the bioaccumulation response of different Gammaridae species. Gammaridae will be exposed to the mixtures at environmentally relevant and elevated concentrations, with uptake confirmed via ICP-MS analysis. The next experiment will look at ecophysiological responses of Gammaridae to PTEs. Metabolic rate (i.e. oxygen consumption), haemolymph asmolarity and critical thermal maximum/minimums will be monitored in Gammaridae exposed to PTE mixtures as before. Investigation across the suite of species will determine responses in invasive and native species. Next we will compare the behavioural changes and longer-term fitness consequences of PTE exposure in invasive and native Gammaridae. Gammaridae will be examined through chronic (i.e. 4-6 months) exposure to PTEs with a focus on their activity patterns and longer-term fitness impacts (survival, growth, fecundity). Linked to fecundity, the effects of mate-pairing and competition for reproductive opportunities will also be investigated. Finally, we'll investigate community impacts via inter- and intraguild predation by invasive and native Gammaridae exposed to PTEs. The predatory behaviour of PTE exposed gammaridae towards lower trophic level 'prey' species and same trophic level 'interguild prey' species will be observed. Predator functional responses determining rates of prey consumption as a function of density will be modelled allowing for comparisons of predatory behaviour (which the project team have previously shown can be linked with invasive species impact) with respect to contaminant exposure.

淡水生物多样性受到全球变化的许多驱动因素的威胁，包括水生污染造成的栖息地退化和入侵物种的扩散。众所周知，栖息地退化会增加入侵物种的成功率，但这种情况发生的机制仍不清楚。这项研究的主要目标是更好地了解物种入侵的非生物决定因素。这将通过比较一系列本地和入侵的伽马科物种对潜在有毒元素（PTE）暴露的反应来完成。该项目的第一部分涉及确定合适的 PTE 浓度及其生物利用度。对来自欧洲各地淡水监测点的环境数据进行了分析，以开发符合环境要求的 PTE 混合物，用于未来的研究。 PTE 混合物是通过从 PTE 列表中查找最普遍的污染物、它们与哪些其他污染物最相关以及它们的浓度在一起的比率来确定的。这些环境现实的混合物将用于观察不同伽马里科物种的生物累积反应。伽马科动物将暴露于环境相关且浓度较高的混合物中，并通过 ICP-MS 分析确认其吸收。下一个实验将研究 Gammaridae 对 PTE 的生态生理反应。将像以前一样监测暴露于 PTE 混合物的伽马科动物的代谢率（即耗氧量）、血淋巴摩尔浓度和临界热最大值/最小值。对一系列物种的调查将确定入侵物种和本地物种的反应。接下来，我们将比较侵入性和本地伽马科动物接触 PTE 后的行为变化和长期健康影响。将通过长期（即 4-6 个月）接触 PTE 来检查伽马科动物，重点关注其活动模式和长期健康影响（生存、生长、繁殖力）。与繁殖力相关，配偶配对和繁殖机会竞争的影响也将得到研究。最后，我们将调查暴露于 PTE 的入侵性和本地伽马科动物在行会间和行会内的捕食对群落的影响。将观察暴露于 PTE 的伽马科对低营养级“猎物”物种和相同营养级“行会间猎物”物种的捕食行为。捕食者的功能反应将猎物消耗率确定为密度的函数，将进行建模，以便比较捕食行为（项目团队之前已表明这可能与入侵物种的影响有关）与污染物暴露的关系。