The effect of contaminants on mechanisms underlying invasive species impact

污染物对入侵物种影响机制的影响

• 批准号: 2699625
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of the West of Scotland
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2699625
• 关键词: effect; contaminants; mechanisms; underlying; invasive

Freshwater biodiversity is under threat from a number of drivers of global change including habitat degradation by aquatic contamination and the spread of invasive species. Habitat degradation is known to increase the success of invasive species, however the mechanisms by which this occurs remain unclear. The broad aim of this study is to develop a better understanding of the abiotic determinants of species invasions. This will be done by comparing the responses of a suite of native to invasive Gammaridae species to potentially toxic element (PTE) exposure. The first part of this project involved determining suitable PTE concentrations and their bioavailability. Environmental data from freshwater monitoring sites across Europe were analysed to develop an environmentally realistic mixture of PTEs for use in future studies. The PTE mixture was determined by finding the most prevalent contaminants from the list of PTE's, which other contaminants they're most correlated with and the ratios at which their concentrations are found together.These environmentally realistic mixtures will be used to look at the bioaccumulation response of different Gammaridae species. Gammaridae will be exposed to the mixtures at environmentally relevant and elevated concentrations, with uptake confirmed via ICP-MS analysis. The next experiment will look at ecophysiological responses of Gammaridae to PTEs. Metabolic rate (i.e. oxygen consumption), haemolymph asmolarity and critical thermal maximum/minimums will be monitored in Gammaridae exposed to PTE mixtures as before. Investigation across the suite of species will determine responses in invasive and native species. Next we will compare the behavioural changes and longer-term fitness consequences of PTE exposure in invasive and native Gammaridae. Gammaridae will be examined through chronic (i.e. 4-6 months) exposure to PTEs with a focus on their activity patterns and longer-term fitness impacts (survival, growth, fecundity). Linked to fecundity, the effects of mate-pairing and competition for reproductive opportunities will also be investigated. Finally, we'll investigate community impacts via inter- and intraguild predation by invasive and native Gammaridae exposed to PTEs. The predatory behaviour of PTE exposed gammaridae towards lower trophic level 'prey' species and same trophic level 'interguild prey' species will be observed. Predator functional responses determining rates of prey consumption as a function of density will be modelled allowing for comparisons of predatory behaviour (which the project team have previously shown can be linked with invasive species impact) with respect to contaminant exposure.

淡水生物多样性受到全球变化的许多驱动因素的威胁，包括水生污染和入侵物种的传播。众所周知，栖息地降解会增加入侵物种的成功，但是发生这种情况的机制尚不清楚。这项研究的广泛目的是更好地了解物种入侵的非生物决定因素。这将通过比较本地对入侵性伽马里氏菌的套件与潜在有毒元件（PTE）暴露的反应来完成。该项目的第一部分涉及确定合适的PTE浓度及其生物利用度。分析了来自欧洲淡水监测地点的环境数据，以开发出PTE的环境现实的混合物，以在未来的研究中使用。通过从PTE列表中找到最普遍的污染物来确定PTE混合物，而其他污染物与它们最相关的其他污染物和共同浓度的比率在一起。 Gammaridae将在环境相关和升高浓度下暴露于混合物，并通过ICP-MS分析确认摄取。下一个实验将研究伽马里氏病对PTE的生态生理反应。代谢率（即消耗氧），流血性和临界热/最小值将在暴露于PTE混合物中的伽马里病中监测。整个物种套件的研究将确定侵入性和本地物种的反应。接下来，我们将比较侵入性和天然伽马里氏病中PTE暴露的行为变化和长期适应性后果。将通过慢性（即4-6个月）暴露于PTE的伽马里氏病，重点关注其活性模式和长期适应性影响（生存，生长，繁殖力）。与繁殖力相关的是，还将研究伴侣配对和竞争对生殖机会的影响。最后，我们将通过暴露于PTE的侵入性和本地伽马里氏病，通过侵入性和本地伽马里犬对社区的影响进行研究。将观察到PTE暴露于较低营养水平的“猎物”物种和相同的营养水平“固定猎物”物种的掠食性行为。捕食者功能响应确定猎物消费率作为密度的函数的速率将进行建模，以便与污染物暴露有关掠食性行为的比较（项目团队先前已经显示的与入侵物种的影响有关）。