The multiple identities of Mary II: queenship, culture and politics in the late 17th century

玛丽二世可以说是英国举世闻名的女王中最不知名的，但她的情况既有趣又独特，值得更多的学术研究和公众意识。该项目旨在利用玛丽二世生活中的文献、视觉和文化证据，并通过研究与她有关的重要遗产，包括肯辛顿宫和汉普顿宫（历史悠久的皇家宫殿）和女王之家（格林威治皇家博物馆），探索她多变而矛盾的身份。对玛丽的视觉身份的研究将包括她在绘画肖像方面的广泛遗产，反映了她的生活轨迹，这从未被一起评估或彻底评估过（国家肖像画廊）。因此，玛丽二世的研究将在REACH联盟的“身份、意识形态和遗产叙事”主题下汇集三个遗产组织。玛丽的独特性部分源于她是英国唯一的联合君主制的一部分，但这也意味着她永远与她的丈夫联系在一起，作为“威廉和玛丽”，她自己的身份被纳入了她的伴侣关系中，人们认为她的丈夫作为这对夫妇的“代言人”，是唯一一个参与重大（政治）活动的人。玛丽通过有效地篡夺父亲的王位而获得王位的独特之路，也值得更深入的研究——虽然叙述往往侧重于光荣革命的政治方面，但需要进一步审视这一转变对个人、家庭和王朝的影响。这又一次与身份和意识形态的问题密切相关就玛丽塑造自己形象的方式而言，她被塑造成一个新教女英雄，作为新娘被派去支持北欧新教联盟，然后返回英国，从她父亲的统治下拯救英国，以及他与摩德纳的玛丽创建的初生的天主教王朝。调查玛丽的王朝和民族身份也至关重要，以便了解她在低地国家期间如何表现自己为外国配偶，以及在返回英国时如何表现为土生土长的女王，以避免在这两个时期被疏远为外国人或“他者”。虽然她在国外的时间让她受到了大陆文化的影响，这可以从她在肯辛顿、汉普顿宫和格林威治的建筑项目中看到，在她的收藏中，重要的是她建立了自己的身份，这将被视为一个彻底的斯图亚特和英国统治女王。这个项目将研究玛丽从童年开始的身份建构，看看她的早期教育和对她作为潜在继承人的期望。她的早年生活也将被探讨，考虑她的宗教意识形态是如何形成的，以及个人关系是如何影响她的长期身份的。通过与荷兰皇家收藏馆的研究人员合作，该项目将研究她在低地国家期间作为外国配偶的身份形成，并评估大陆影响对她后来在英国的文化项目的影响。她身份的(重新)建设和投影在她统治期间将使用范围广泛的调查材料,从输出的动态印刷文化时期,经济来源,如她的钱包账户,评估她的收藏,她的衣服,和肖像画,以及考虑她的广泛的建筑和花园项目在肯辛顿和汉普顿宫,和她扮演的角色塑造在格林威治皇家宫殿遗址和花园。通过汇集如此多样的资料，该项目将能够更清晰地描绘玛丽的生活和统治，以及她对17世纪晚期新式君主制的贡献。

Mary II is arguably the least well-known of Britain's world-famous group of regnant queens-yet her situation is both interesting and unique, deserving of both greater academic research and public awareness. This project aims to explore Mary II's mutable and conflicted identity using documentary, visual and cultural evidence from her life, and through the study of key heritage sites connected with her, including Kensington and Hampton Court Palace (Historic Royal Palaces) and the Queen's House (Royal Museums Greenwich). The study of Mary's visual identity will include her extensive legacy in terms of painted portraits, reflecting her life's trajectory, which has never been assessed together or thoroughly evaluated (National Portrait Gallery). This study of Mary II will therefore bring together three heritage organisations under the REACH Consortium theme of 'Identities, Ideologies and Heritage Narratives'.Part of Mary's uniqueness stems from being part of Britain's only joint monarchy-yet that has also meant that being forever linked to her husband, as 'William and Mary', her own identity has been subsumed in her partnership and it has been assumed that her husband, as the 'front man' of the pair, was the only one who was engaged in significant (political) activity. Mary's unique path to the throne, by effectively usurping her father's crown, is also worthy of greater investigation-while narratives tend to focus on the political aspects of the Glorious Revolution, further scrutiny of the personal, familial and dynastic impact of this transition is needed. This again is deeply connected to issues of identity and ideology in terms of the way that Mary constructed her image, and was presented, as a Protestant heroine, despatched as bride to bolster the northern European Protestant alliance, before returning home to save Britain from the rule of her father and the fledgling Catholic dynasty he was creating with Mary of Modena. It will also be vital to investigate Mary's dynastic and national identities in order to understand how she represented herself as a foreign consort during her time in the Low Countries, and as native born queen regnant on her return to Britain, in order to avoid being alienated as foreign or 'other' during either period. While her time abroad exposed her to cultural Continental influences which can be seen in her architectural projects at Kensington, Hampton Court and Greenwich, and in her collections, it was important that she constructed her identity which would be perceived as that of a thoroughly Stuart and British regnant queen.This project will examine the construction of Mary's identity from her childhood onwards, looking at her early education and the expectation on her as a potential heiress. Her early years will also be explored with consideration of how her religious ideology was formed and how the impact of personal relationships, shaped her identity in the long term. By working with researchers at Het Loo, and the Royal Collection in The Netherlands the project will examine the formation of her identity as a foreign consort during her years in the Low Countries and assess the impact of Continental influences on her later cultural projects in Britain. The (re)construction and projection of her identity during her reign will be investigated using a wide range of material, from the output of the dynamic print culture of the period, to economic sources such as her privy purse accounts, to assessing her collections, her dress, and portraiture, as well as a consideration of her extensive architectural and garden projects at Kensington and Hampton Court, and the role she played in the shaping the royal palace site and gardens at Greenwich. By bringing together such a varied collection of sources, the project will be able to create a far clearer picture of Mary's life and reign, and her contribution to the new style monarchy of the late seventeenth century than has hitherto been achieved.