Collision and Cohesion: (re)negotiations of mortuary identities in England and Denmark (c. 800-1100 CE)

碰撞与凝聚：英格兰和丹麦太平间身份的（重新）谈判（约公元 800-1100 年）

• 批准号: 2880790
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Leicester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2880790
• 关键词: Collision; Cohesion; re; negotiations; mortuary

The overall objective of this project is to evaluate the transformative effects of migration and changing religions upon mortuary identities in Denmark and Anglo-Scandinavian regions of England from 800 to 1100 CE. It will determine how Scandinavian migrants navigated encounters with new peoples, places, and ideas, and how these influenced pre-existing burial practices. As England had converted to Christianity by this period, while Denmark was transitioning, it is crucial to assess the different negotiations of identity required by Scandinavians in an already Christianised region compared with "native" Danes responding to incoming belief systems.Evidence from burials is highly relevant to current debates on cultural identities, migration, and religion. Graves give us a unique insight into how the mourners choose to bury the deceased, constructing a mortuary identity potentially separate from lived experiences (Parker Pearson 1993). Subsequently, these staged vignettes provide crucial insight into the tensions associated with identity formation (Tarlow and Stutz 2013). Public discourse frequently co-opts "Anglo-Saxon" or "Viking" identities without evidential grounding, and these concepts are in dire need of nuance.This project will draw on the theory of intersectional identities initially coined by Crenshaw (1989). It defines people through multiple sources of identity, rather than just one, which carry privileges or oppressions. Our identities are never static but are reinforced through daily action (e.g. Stig Sorensen 2019). There is significant interaction (e.g. raids, migration, trade, religion) between Denmark and England in this period, making it an exciting case study. These individuals navigated various changing contexts and would likely evolve with these or reassert existing identities.Building upon a theoretical framework of 'conditional identity interfaces' proposed by my master's thesis, I will answer three critical questions:1. How did different facets of identity interact in the burials under scrutiny?2. Do these facets interact similarly between Danish and Anglo-Scandinavian regions?3. Which contextual factors contribute to the differences in mortuary identities?To answer these, I will produce substantial databases, building upon my MRes catalogue of 735 burials across 139 Danish sites. I can read Danish, and there is suitable literature for England, ensuring I can complete both databases to schedule. To explore these mortuary identities, I will conduct multivariate statistical analyses. I will holistically assess staged (e.g. constructed by mourners) and lived (e.g. biological age, sex, health) data, and choose specific burials for qualitative analysis. These comparisons are vital to identify tensions, (re)negotiations, and contradictions. For example, the famous Birka burial (Bj.581, Sweden), previously interpreted as male based on weapons in the grave, prompted important debates in academic and public discourse when it was genetically sexed as female (Hedenstierna-Jonsson et al. 2017).My research will substantially improve our interpretations of intersectional mortuary identities. It is a crucial interrogation of the complex network of interactions between these two regions. Recent projects have nuanced perceptions of singular areas (e.g. Moen 2019; Sayer 2020; Slotten 2021), but can be disconnected. This project will produce a more dynamic and articulated picture of the widely-influential relationship between England and Denmark in this period.

该项目的总体目标是评估移民和宗教变化对公元800年至1100年丹麦和英格兰盎格鲁-斯堪的纳维亚地区停尸房身份的转变影响。它将决定斯堪的纳维亚移民如何与新的民族、地点和思想相遇，以及这些如何影响先前存在的埋葬做法。由于英国在这一时期已经皈依了基督教，而丹麦正在转型，因此评估斯堪的纳维亚人在一个已经基督化的地区所需的身份认同谈判的不同之处，以及“本土”丹麦人对新来的信仰体系的反应是至关重要的。埋葬的证据与当前关于文化身份、移民和宗教的辩论高度相关。墓地给了我们一个独特的洞察力，让我们了解哀悼者如何选择埋葬死者，构建一种可能与生活经历分开的太平间身份(Parker Pearson 1993)。随后，这些上演的小插曲为与身份形成相关的紧张局势提供了至关重要的洞察(Tarlow和Stutz，2013)。公共话语经常借用“盎格鲁-撒克逊人”或“维京人”的身份而没有证据依据，而这些概念急需细微差别。本项目将借鉴克伦肖()首创的交叉性身份理论。它通过多个身份来源来定义人，而不是只有一个身份来源带有特权或压迫。我们的身份从来不是一成不变的，而是通过日常行动得到强化(例如，Stig Sorensen 2019)。在这一时期，丹麦和英国之间存在着重大的互动(例如，突袭、移民、贸易、宗教)，这使它成为一个令人兴奋的案例研究。这些人适应了各种不断变化的背景，可能会随着这些背景的变化而演变，或者可能会重申现有的身份。基于我硕士论文提出的“条件身份界面”的理论框架，我将回答三个关键问题：1.身份的不同方面在仔细审查的墓葬中是如何相互作用的？2.这些方面在丹麦和盎格鲁-斯堪的纳维亚地区是否存在类似的相互作用？3.哪些背景因素导致了停尸房身份的差异？为了回答这些问题，我将建立大量的数据库，建立在我的MRE目录的基础上，该目录涵盖了139个丹麦遗址的735个葬礼。我能读懂丹麦语，而且有适合英国的文献，确保我能按计划完成这两个数据库。为了探索这些停尸房身份，我将进行多变量统计分析。我将全面评估分期(例如由哀悼者建造)和活着(例如生物年龄、性别、健康)的数据，并选择特定的墓地进行定性分析。这些比较对于识别紧张局势、(重新)谈判和矛盾至关重要。例如，著名的比尔卡埋葬(Bj.581，瑞典)，以前被解释为男性，基于坟墓中的武器，当它被基因定性为女性时，在学术和公共话语中引发了重要的辩论(Hedenstierna-Jonsson等人)。2017)。我的研究将极大地改进我们对交叉停尸房身份的解释。这是对这两个地区之间相互作用的复杂网络的关键质询。最近的项目对单一地区的看法略有不同(例如，Moen 2019；Sayer 2020；Slotten 2021)，但可以断开。这个项目将对这一时期英国和丹麦之间广泛影响的关系产生一幅更具活力和更清晰的图景。