The impact of aircraft engine emissions and alternative fuels on contrail formation

飞机发动机排放和替代燃料对凝结尾迹形成的影响

• 批准号: 2721827
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Imperial College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2721827
• 关键词: impact; aircraft; engine; emissions; alternative

Contrails are an important component of the climate impact of aircraft, with long lived contrails contributing 50% or more of the total radiative forcing from aviation. This is particularly true for long lived contrails, which can generate a considerable warming as they spread out over time. Contrails are a key target for reducing the climate impact of aviation. Alternative fuels have been proposed as a potential solution to aviation's climate impact, by reducing lifecycle CO2 emissions and reducing particulate emissions from aircraft engines. Even though alternative fuels currently account for a tiny percentage of overall aviation fuel burn, they are expected to become more prevalent in the coming years and some airlines are already routinely using them on commercial flights. Furthermore, different aircraft engines can have particle emissions which are different by an order of magnitude and the effect that this has on contrail properties has not yet been studied using satellite observations. While different aircraft engine particle emissions have been shown to have an impact on the short-term contrail properties, their impact on the development of contrails is unclear and is currently assessed using models . These models are based on our theoretical understanding of ice crystal behaviour and cloud processes, but are subject to considerable uncertainty, particularly in the behaviour of the contrail over time. To assess the impacts of alternative fuels through improved contrail modelling, new observations linking the contrail lifecycle to the properties of the generating aircraft are required. This will be based around the use and exploitation of satellite data. The overall aim of this project is to improve our simulations of impact of aircraft engine particle emissions and alternative fuels on contrail formation and development. This requires an understanding of which contrails should be visible to satellite (O1), identification and characterisation of contrails in satellite imagery (O2) before the use for constraining model simulations (O3). EPSRC areas: particle technology and biophysics

凝结尾迹是飞机对气候影响的重要组成部分，长寿命的凝结尾迹占航空总辐射强迫的50%或更多。这对于长期存在的尾迹尤其如此，当它们随着时间的推移扩散时，会产生相当大的变暖。Contrails是减少航空对气候影响的关键目标。替代燃料已被提议作为航空气候影响的潜在解决方案，通过减少生命周期的二氧化碳排放和减少飞机发动机的颗粒排放。尽管替代燃料目前在航空燃料消耗总量中所占比例很小，但预计未来几年将变得更加普遍，一些航空公司已经在商业航班上常规使用它们。此外，不同的飞机发动机可能有不同数量级的粒子排放，这对轨迹特性的影响尚未使用卫星观测进行研究。 虽然不同的飞机发动机颗粒排放物已被证明对短期凝结尾迹特性产生影响，但它们对凝结尾迹发展的影响尚不清楚，目前正在使用模型进行评估。这些模型是基于我们对冰晶行为和云过程的理论理解，但受到相当大的不确定性，特别是在随着时间的推移轨迹的行为。 为了通过改进的轨迹建模来评估替代燃料的影响，需要将轨迹生命周期与生成飞机的属性联系起来的新观测。这将以卫星数据的使用和利用为基础。该项目的总体目标是改善我们的飞机发动机颗粒排放和替代燃料对尾迹形成和发展的影响的模拟。这就需要了解哪些凝结尾迹应该是可见的卫星（O1），识别和定性的凝结尾迹在卫星图像（O2）之前，用于约束模型模拟（O3）。EPSRC领域：粒子技术和生物物理学