Entanglement and New Quantum Phenomena in Semiconductor Nanostructures

该项目将发展和扩展我们最近的实验发现，即电子-电子排斥可以将单行受限载流子分解为两行或更多单独的行，这是维格纳晶格的开始，在该晶格中，电子的相互排斥决定了它们在空间中的组织方式。之字形的分割线相互纠缠，形成了一个新的分数电导，该分数电导由新的、高度相互作用的分数态组成。这种现象是人们长期寻求的分数量子霍尔效应的非磁性等价物。理论证明，分数的产生是由于两排电子的纠缠，可以通过改变它们的相互间隔来操纵它们。新的分数将作为改变波函数的电场和磁场的函数来研究，特别是不同几何形状的分数态量子点的形成，并建立读出机制。电子聚焦，即将电流注入到2D区域，然后通过磁场聚焦，允许成像基态波函数，随着电子的强烈相互作用而变化。我们最近已经证明，这种方法可以观察到从单行到双行的跃迁，它将是一种有价值的维格纳晶格形成的诊断工具。这项技术还可以用来确定晶格中不同行的自旋极化。我们将探索这一过程的物理原理，并开发一种基于维格纳晶格中电子纠缠的量子计算方案。这些实验将使用该小组的超低温设备，并将涉及在LCN洁净室制造设备，以及与英国和国外的理论家合作。

The project will develop and extend our recent experimental discovery that electron-electron repulsion canbreak a single row of confined carriers into two or more separate rows, this is the start of a Wigner Lattice inwhich the mutual repulsion of the electrons determines how they organise in space. The separate lines of thezig-zag are entangled and give rise a new fractional conductance, which comprises novel, highly interacting,fractional state. This phenomenon is the long sought non-magnetic equivalent of the Fractional Quantum HallEffect. Theory has established that the fractions arise due to the entanglement of two rows of electrons whichcan be manipulated by varying their mutual separation.The new fractions will be studied as a function ofelectric and magnetic fields which alter the wavefunctions, in particular the formation of the fractional state inquantum dots of differing geometries will be explored and a read-out mechanism established.Electron focussing in which a current is injected into a 2D region and then focused by a magnetic field allowsan imaging of the ground state wave function which changes as electrons strongly interact. We have recentlyshown that this method allows observation of the transtion from single to double rows and it will be a valuablediagnostic tool for the formation of the Wigner lattice. The technique can also be used to determine the spinpolarisation of the separate rows of the lattice.The physics of the process will be explored and a Quantum Computation scheme developed based around theentanglement of the electrons as the Wigner Lattice forms. The experiments will use the group's very lowtemperature facilities and will involve device fabrication in the LCN Clean Room and collaboration with theoristsin the UK and abroad.