Post-Attentive Vision

后注意力视觉

• 批准号: 7019186
• 负责人: Jeremy M Wolfe
• 金额: $ 27.69万
• 依托单位: BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-08-20 至 2008-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7019186
• 关键词: attention; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; cues; human subject; memory; neural information processing; psychomotor reaction time; space perception; vision; visual perception; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal addresses a fundamental tension in current work on vision, visual attention, & visual memory. On the one hand, we can recognize visual stimuli in a fraction of a second and, with slightly longer presentations, such stimuli can be remembered for days. On the other hand, phenomena like "change blindness" and "inattentional blindness" seem to show striking failures of visual representation and/or memory. Observers fail to report apparently obvious aspects of visual displays. In our own work on "postattentive vision" (the subject of the previous grant period), Ss searched repeatedly through static, unchanging displays. Hundreds of trials did not improve the efficiency of Repeated Search even though Ss had clearly memorized the display. The goal of the present proposal is to reconcile these disparate streams of research. How can an observer recognize a scene 24 hours after a one second presentation and yet be unaware if an object in that scene disintegrates before his eyes? There are three specific aims: Why do subjects choose vision over memory in Repeated Search? We will test three hypotheses about the cause of this apparent reliance on vision. A) Vision First: When available vision always takes priority, B) Inefficient Memory: Ss do, in fact, search memory but that search is as inefficient as visual search, or C) Pragmatic Choice: The costs, even of efficient memory search, make inefficient visual search worthwhile. When does memory contribute to visual search? In the "Contextual Cueing" paradigm of Chun and Jiang (1998), memory for repeated exposure to a search stimulus does aid subsequent search. We examine the relationship of Contextual Cueing to Repeated Search. We hypothesize that these are complementary, not contradictory findings. What is the gist of a picture? In Picture Memory tasks, Ss are said to remember the "gist" of an image. We propose that this gist includes the distribution of basic features like color and size and a rapid calculation of the structure or "spatial envelope" (Oliva & Torralba, 2001) of the scene. Gist also includes a limited number of attended objects. We will use several converging experimental paradigms to assess these components of the gist of a scene. Taken together, the results of this program of research will test hypotheses that tie our understanding of visual search to our understanding of short and longer term visual memory.

描述（由申请人提供）：本提案解决了当前视觉，视觉注意和视觉记忆工作中的基本紧张关系。一方面，我们可以在不到一秒的时间内识别视觉刺激，如果呈现的时间稍长，这种刺激可以记住几天。另一方面，像“变化盲视”和“不注意盲视”这样的现象似乎显示出视觉表征和/或记忆的显著失败。观察者不能报告视觉显示的明显方面。在我们自己关于“后视觉”（上一个资助期的主题）的工作中，s反复地在静态的、不变的显示器中搜索。数百次的试验并没有提高重复搜索的效率，即使s已经清楚地记住了显示。本提案的目标是调和这些不同的研究流。一个观察者怎么能在一秒钟的呈现后24小时认出一个场景，却不知道场景中的物体是否在他眼前解体了呢？有三个具体目标：