Immature Perceptual-Motor Skills Child Cyclists at Risk

感知运动技能不成熟的儿童骑自行车者面临风险

• 批准号: 7087280
• 负责人: JODIE Marie PLUMERT
• 金额: $ 30.61万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-05-01 至 2011-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7087280
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); adult human (21+); age difference; behavioral /social science research tag; child psychology; clinical research; computer human interaction; computer simulation; developmental psychology; human subject; injury prevention; middle childhood (6-11); motion perception; performance; psychomotor function; psychomotor reaction time; transportation /recreation safety; vehicular accident; visual perception

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Reducing unintentional injuries is one of the top ten priorities of the Healthy People 2010 initiative. Injury prevention clearly plays an integral role in children's health, as unintentional injuries are the leading cause of death in children and young adults. Bicycle crashes are among the most common causes of severe injuries in late childhood and early adolescence. Motor vehicles are involved in approximately one-third of all bicycle- related brain injuries and in 90% of all fatalities resulting from bicycle crashes. A critical first step in developing programs to prevent collisions between child cyclists and motor vehicles is understanding why such collisions occur. The goal of this multi-disciplinary research proposal is to examine how immature perceptual-motor functioning puts children at risk for car-bicycle collisions when crossing roads. Using an immersive, interactive bicycling simulator, we will examine how two important aspects of perceptual-motor development influence road-crossing behavior. The first is coordinating motor movement with visual information. A robust finding from our research on children's road-crossing behavior is that children choose the same size gaps as adults, but leave less headway when they start to cross. Consequently, child cyclists end up with far less time to spare when they clear the path of the oncoming car. This puts child cyclists at greater risk for a collision because they have less time available to recover from an error such as a foot slipping off the pedal. The second aspect of perceptual-motor development we will address is flexibly adapting movement to changing circumstances. Skilled road crossing requires that cyclists adjust quickly to changes such as the distribution of gap sizes. The first set of proposed experiments will test hypotheses about why children leave less headway when starting off than do adults. These include 1) immature movement preparation strategies, 2) problems with making "go-no go" decisions, and 3) difficulty with synchronizing self and object movement. The second set of experiments will examine how children adjust their road-crossing behavior in response to changing circumstances and how these experiences influence later road-crossing behavior. By bringing together the study of basic and applied issues into a single program of research, this work will contribute both to our understanding of the development of perceptual-motor functioning and to our understanding of the underlying causes of child bicycling injuries.

描述（由申请人提供）：减少意外伤害是健康人2010倡议的十大优先事项之一。预防伤害显然在儿童健康中起着不可或缺的作用，因为意外伤害是儿童和青年死亡的主要原因。自行车碰撞是造成儿童晚期和青少年早期严重伤害的最常见原因之一。在所有与自行车有关的脑损伤中，约有三分之一与机动车有关，在所有由自行车碰撞造成的死亡中，机动车占90%。在制定防止儿童骑自行车和机动车发生碰撞的计划中，关键的第一步是了解发生碰撞的原因。这项多学科研究计划的目标是研究不成熟的感知运动功能如何使儿童在过马路时面临汽车-自行车碰撞的风险。使用沉浸式交互式自行车模拟器，我们将研究感知运动发展的两个重要方面如何影响过马路行为。首先是协调运动和视觉信息。我们对儿童过马路行为的研究得出了一个强有力的发现，即儿童选择与成人相同大小的间隔，但当他们开始过马路时，他们留下的距离更小。因此，当骑自行车的孩子们为迎面而来的汽车让路时，他们的空闲时间要少得多。这使得骑自行车的儿童面临更大的碰撞风险，因为他们没有足够的时间从脚从踏板上滑下来等错误中恢复过来。知觉运动发展的第二个方面，我们将讨论的是灵活地适应不断变化的环境。熟练的过马路要求骑自行车的人迅速适应诸如间距大小分布等变化。第一组被提议的实验将测试关于为什么儿童在开始时比成年人进步更少的假设。这些包括1)不成熟的运动准备策略，2)做出“去不去”决定的问题，以及3)难以同步自我和物体运动。第二组实验将考察儿童如何根据环境变化调整他们过马路的行为，以及这些经历如何影响以后过马路的行为。通过将基础研究和应用问题整合到一个单一的研究项目中，这项工作将有助于我们理解感知运动功能的发展，并有助于我们理解儿童骑自行车受伤的潜在原因。