The Cultural Emergence And Social Construction Of Self-Harm In The 1990's

20世纪90年代自残的文化出现与社会建构

• 批准号: 2739925
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: The Open University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2739925
• 关键词: Cultural; Emergence; Social; Construction; Self

Self-harm (deliberate, episodic self-wounding, also referred to in the literature as non-suicidal self-injury) is internationally recognised as a major public health problem and is one of the most common reasons for hospital admission in the UK (Clements, 2016). While a source of widespread concern in the mental health professions, there is little consensus about its aetiology or proper care (Chandler et al., 2011). Depictions of self-harm in popular culture and social media attract controversy and seem to have turned a solitary practice into a contagion (Arendt et al., 2019). As a culture we have developed particular ideas about what self-harm means, who practices it, and how it should be dealt. This research will critically engage with these ideas and reconnect them with their historical and socio-political origins, so that self-harm can be better understood as a collective psychosocial phenomenon.While the practice has a long history, self-harm only emerged into general public awareness during the 1990s. In this decade, rates of self-harm in the UK increased significantly: Hawton et al. (2000, 2003) documented marked increases in rates of self-harm in the UK during the periods 1985-1995 and 1990-2000. This trend has continued to the present day, with some studies describing a seemingly perpetual increase in self-harm rates (Carr et al., 2016; McManus et al., 2019). At the same time as rates began to rise in the 1990s, self-harm underwent a sudden cultural emergence via new representations in popular media. Its transition from obscurity to visibility in the 1990s was accelerated by an increase in depictions of the practice in media, and by the 'coming out' of many celebrities as 'cutters' (Adler and Adler, 2011). By the millennium, self-harm had cemented itself in the collective psyche and entered the sphere of available actions for the average young person in distress.

自我伤害（故意的、偶发性的自我伤害，在文献中也称为非自杀性自我伤害）是国际公认的主要公共卫生问题，也是英国住院的最常见原因之一（Clements，2016）。虽然在心理健康专业中引起广泛关注，但对其病因或适当护理几乎没有共识（钱德勒等人，2011年）。流行文化和社交媒体中对自我伤害的描述引起了争议，似乎已经把一种孤独的做法变成了一种传染病（Arendt et al.，2019年）。作为一种文化，我们已经发展出了关于自残意味着什么、谁在实践自残以及应该如何处理自残的特定想法。这项研究将批判性地参与这些想法，并将它们与其历史和社会政治根源重新联系起来，以便更好地理解自我伤害作为一种集体心理社会现象。虽然这种做法有着悠久的历史，但自我伤害只是在20世纪90年代才出现在公众意识中。在这十年中，英国的自我伤害率显著增加：Hawton等人（2000年，2003年）记录了1985-1995年和1990-2000年期间英国自我伤害率的显著增加。这种趋势一直持续到今天，一些研究描述了自我伤害率似乎永久性的增加（卡尔等人，2016; McManus等人，2019年）。与此同时，随着20世纪90年代自杀率开始上升，自残通过大众媒体的新表现形式突然在文化上出现。在20世纪90年代，由于媒体对这种做法的关注增加，以及许多名人作为“切割者”“走出来”，它从默默无闻到引人注目的转变加速了（Adler和Adler，2011年）。到了2000年，自我伤害已经在集体心理中根深蒂固，并进入了处于困境中的普通年轻人可以采取的行动范围。