Men's Service Use for Depression and Anxiety Disorders

描述（由申请人提供）：男性明显不太可能比女性寻求心理健康服务的问题，如抑郁症，药物滥用，身体残疾，和压力的生活事件。寻求帮助方面的持续性别差异对公共卫生的影响是巨大的。男性的抑郁症和焦虑症发病率正在上升，男性的自杀率比女性高出四倍。男性的情绪或焦虑障碍也与重要的附带问题有关，如药物滥用，愤怒和暴力。到目前为止，很少有理论或实证工作集中在理解男性特有的问题如何与寻求帮助行为相关。目前的R34提案描述了一个模型的初步测试，男性的心理健康服务利用抑郁症和焦虑症，在低收入的不同男性的样本。基于性别的社会心理学（GBSP）模型假定，在坚持传统的男性规范和信仰的个体差异激活基本的社会心理过程，不利于寻求帮助。虽然该模型是很好的支持实证研究的阳刚之气和心理健康，寻求帮助的社会心理学，很少的机制已被测试在成年非大学男性谁是在一个位置寻求心理健康服务。将通过报纸、广播和电视广告以及当地非精神卫生社区设置的摊位招募100名有抑郁症或焦虑症症状的男子。参与者将完成对GBSP模型核心结构的测量，并将在6个月后返回进行随访评估，以确定模型的预测有效性。将进行20个单独的定性访谈，以支持对男性寻求心理健康服务的态度和行为的中心趋势和变化的扎根理论分析。该模型的初始测试数据将用于为简短评估和个性化反馈干预的开发提供信息，旨在增加男性寻求情绪和焦虑症帮助的可能性。这种干预将针对寻求帮助的社会心理障碍，包括自我耻辱，非规范性的看法，男性气质信念和其他障碍。将在初步试点研究中对干预措施进行测试，以评估其可行性和可接受性，并估计效应量，以规划随后的随机试验。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Men are significantly less likely than women to seek mental health services for problems as diverse as depression, substance abuse, physical disabilities, and stressful life events. The public health implications of the consistent gender differences in help seeking are dramatic. Men's rates of depression and anxiety disorders are increasing, and men's rates of completed suicide are four times higher than women's. The presence of mood or anxiety disorders in men has also been linked to significant collateral problems such as substance abuse, anger, and violence. To date, very little theoretical or empirical work has focused on understanding how issues specific to men are related to help-seeking behavior. The current R34 proposal describes an initial test of a model of men's mental health service utilization for depression and anxiety disorders, in a sample of low-income diverse men. The gender-based social psychological (GBSP) model posits that individual differences in adherence to traditionally masculine norms and beliefs activate basic social psychological processes that militate against help seeking. Although the model is well-supported by empirical research on masculinity and mental health, and the social psychology of help-seeking, few of the mechanisms have been tested in adult non-college men who are in a position to seek mental health services. 100 men experiencing symptoms of depression or anxiety disorders will be recruited through newspaper, radio, and television advertisements, and at booths in local non-mental health community settings. Participants will complete measures of constructs central to the GBSP model and will return 6 months later for a follow-up assessment to determine the predictive validity of the model. 20 separate qualitative interviews will be conducted to support a grounded theory analysis of central tendencies and variations in men's attitudes and behaviors related to seeking mental health services. Data from the initial test of the model will be used to inform development of a brief assessment and personalized feedback intervention designed to increase men's likelihood of help seeking for mood and anxiety disorders. This intervention will target social psychological barriers to help seeking, including self-stigma, perceptions of non-normativeness, masculinity beliefs, and other barriers. The intervention will be tested in an initial pilot study to evaluate its feasibility and acceptability, and to estimate effect sizes for planning a subsequent randomized trial.