Men's Service Use for Depression and Anxiety Disorders

描述(由申请人提供)：男性寻求精神健康服务的可能性明显低于女性，这些问题包括抑郁症、药物滥用、身体残疾和应激性生活事件。在寻求帮助方面一贯的性别差异对公共卫生的影响是戏剧性的。男性抑郁和焦虑症的发病率正在上升，男性的完全自杀率是女性的四倍。男性情绪或焦虑症的存在也与药物滥用、愤怒和暴力等重大附带问题有关。到目前为止，很少有理论或实证工作关注于了解男性特有的问题与求助行为之间的关系。目前的R34提案描述了在低收入多元化男性样本中对男性精神健康服务用于抑郁症和焦虑症的模型的初步测试。基于性别的社会心理(GBSP)模型假设，遵守传统男性规范和信仰的个体差异激活了基本的社会心理过程，这些过程阻碍了寻求帮助。尽管该模型得到了关于男性气概和心理健康的实证研究以及求助的社会心理学的良好支持，但很少有机制在有能力寻求心理健康服务的成年非大学男性身上进行测试。100名有抑郁或焦虑症症状的男性将通过报纸、广播和电视广告以及当地非心理健康社区的摊位招募。参与者将完成对GBSP模型核心结构的测量，并将在6个月后返回进行后续评估，以确定该模型的预测有效性。将进行20个单独的定性访谈，以支持对男性在寻求心理健康服务方面的态度和行为的中心倾向和差异进行扎实的理论分析。该模型的初步测试数据将被用来为开发一项简短的评估和个性化反馈干预提供信息，旨在增加男性寻求帮助治疗情绪和焦虑症的可能性。这项干预将针对寻求帮助的社会心理障碍，包括自我污名、对非常态的看法、男子气概信念和其他障碍。该干预措施将在最初的先导性研究中进行测试，以评估其可行性和可接受性，并为计划随后的随机试验估计效果大小。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Men are significantly less likely than women to seek mental health services for problems as diverse as depression, substance abuse, physical disabilities, and stressful life events. The public health implications of the consistent gender differences in help seeking are dramatic. Men's rates of depression and anxiety disorders are increasing, and men's rates of completed suicide are four times higher than women's. The presence of mood or anxiety disorders in men has also been linked to significant collateral problems such as substance abuse, anger, and violence. To date, very little theoretical or empirical work has focused on understanding how issues specific to men are related to help-seeking behavior. The current R34 proposal describes an initial test of a model of men's mental health service utilization for depression and anxiety disorders, in a sample of low-income diverse men. The gender-based social psychological (GBSP) model posits that individual differences in adherence to traditionally masculine norms and beliefs activate basic social psychological processes that militate against help seeking. Although the model is well-supported by empirical research on masculinity and mental health, and the social psychology of help-seeking, few of the mechanisms have been tested in adult non-college men who are in a position to seek mental health services. 100 men experiencing symptoms of depression or anxiety disorders will be recruited through newspaper, radio, and television advertisements, and at booths in local non-mental health community settings. Participants will complete measures of constructs central to the GBSP model and will return 6 months later for a follow-up assessment to determine the predictive validity of the model. 20 separate qualitative interviews will be conducted to support a grounded theory analysis of central tendencies and variations in men's attitudes and behaviors related to seeking mental health services. Data from the initial test of the model will be used to inform development of a brief assessment and personalized feedback intervention designed to increase men's likelihood of help seeking for mood and anxiety disorders. This intervention will target social psychological barriers to help seeking, including self-stigma, perceptions of non-normativeness, masculinity beliefs, and other barriers. The intervention will be tested in an initial pilot study to evaluate its feasibility and acceptability, and to estimate effect sizes for planning a subsequent randomized trial.