Non-local codes for Photonic Fault-Tolerant Architectures

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Photons are unique in their natural capability to transmit quantum information over long distances, enabling long-range connectivity of quantum devices. While this property is widely used for applications including quantum ommunication and networking, fault-tolerant approaches have yet to fully exploit it: current fusion-based approaches use only nearest-neighbour gates, owing to the adoption of underlying codes that were developed for solid-state platforms. This has put an unrequired strong limitation on photonic architectures and lifting it could potentially bring enormous performance and architectural benefits. For example, quantum LDPC codes have recently beendeveloped that are able to correct errors much more efficiently than previous approaches and use a non-local structure. Practical fault-tolerant architectures for such codes are however still missing. This project aims at investigating such novel class of codes to develop a fault-tolerant architecture for photonic hardware that exploit non-locality to potentially significantly outperform current approaches, opening new prospects for scaling quantum computing with photons. The research will combine analytical work and simulation studies. It will be conducted at the University of Bristol, with one or more extended stays at the Niels Bohr Institute over the course of the 3 years.