Dairy Product Intake Regulation of Energy Metabolism

描述（由申请人提供）： 最近的临床研究表明，高乳制品摄入量可以显着降低体重和脂肪量。膳食钙可以降低体重和脂肪量，然而，最近的研究表明，这种效果是通过乳制品摄入增强。我们自己的研究表明，膳食钙干预增加了人类志愿者的脂质氧化，维生素D状态的改善与能量消耗的增加有关。已经提出了这些以及几种其他机制来介导乳制品消费对身体脂肪量的影响，包括1）减少食物摄入; 2）形成钙和脂肪酸复合物，导致脂肪吸收减少; 3）增加脂肪细胞脂解;和4）减少脂肪生成。这些代谢改变可能是由钙调节激素介导的。这些研究的目的是确定在饮食中加入乳制品引起身体成分变化的机制。我们的中心假设是，在肌肉中，增加的脂质氧化是由膳食钙摄入引起的，增加的能量消耗是由维生素D摄入引起的。我们进一步假设，增加脂肪细胞的脂解是由乳制品摄入介导的。我们将通过确定以下因素对调节能量平衡的整体身体机制的独立和协同作用来解决这些假设：1）膳食钙和维生素D; 2）乳制品摄入量与膳食钙和维生素D。确定乳制品摄入调节能量平衡的机制将有助于确定乳制品摄入何时以及如何导致身体成分的变化。这些信息对于帮助建立乳制品或其成分的饮食建议以帮助减少肥胖和超重个体及其伴随的健康问题的数量的增加是重要的。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Recent clinical research has established that high dairy product intake can significantly reduce body weight and fat mass. Dietary calcium may reduce body weight and fat mass, however, recent studies demonstrate that this effect is enhanced by dairy product intake. Our own studies suggest that dietary calcium intervention increases lipid oxidation in human volunteers and improved vitamin D status is associated with increased energy expenditure. These as well as several other mechanisms have been proposed to mediate the impact of dairy product consumption on body fat mass, including 1) reducing food intake; 2) formation of calcium and fatty acid complexes leading to reduced fat absorption; 3) increasing adipocyte lipolysis; and 4) reducing lipogenesis. These metabolic alterations are potentially mediated by calcium regulated hormones. The objective of these studies is to determine the mechanism(s) by which inclusion of dairy products in the diet induces changes in body composition. Our central hypothesis is that in muscle, increased lipid oxidation is induced by dietary calcium intake and increased energy expenditure is induced by vitamin D intake. We further hypothesize that increased lipolysis from the adipocyte is mediated by dairy product intake. We will address these hypotheses by determining the independent and cooperative effects of the following on overall body mechanisms regulating energy balance: 1) dietary calcium and vitamin D; and 2) dairy product intake with dietary calcium and vitamin D. Identifying the mechanisms by which dairy product intake regulates energy balance will contribute to determining when and how dairy product intake results in changes in body composition. This information would be important in helping to establish dietary recommendations for dairy products or its' components to aid in reducing the growing numbers of obese and overweight individuals and their attendant health problems.