Deep Eutectic Solvents for Simple and Sustainable Organometallic Catalysis

用于简单且可持续的有机金属催化的低共熔溶剂

• 批准号: 2742596
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of York
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2742596
• 关键词: Deep; Eutectic; Solvents; Simple; Sustainable

Solvents play a fundamental role in synthesis. Unfortunately, many commonly used volatile organic solvents (VOS) are harmful to humans and/or the environment. Some halogenated and polar aprotic solvents such as dimethylformamide, N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone and 1,2-dichloroethane are already categorised as "substances of very high concern" under REACH. However, suitable alternatives are challenging to find. The search for environmentally benign solvents is currently a hot topic in sustainable chemistry. Recently, deep-eutectic solvents (DES) have emerged as novel reaction media. DES are related to ionic liquids (ILs) and are usually composed predominantly of ions. They are often formed by combination of a quaternary ammonium salt (e.g. choline chloride, ChCl) with a metal salt (e.g. ZnCl2) or hydrogen-bond donor (e.g. urea) to form eutectic mixtures. They have low vapour pressures, good thermal stabilities and are able to dissolve a range of solutes. However, in contrast to many ILs, they are cheap, non-toxic, biodegradable and have relatively short synthetic routes from potentially renewable feedstocks. As such, they have many desirable characteristics as sustainable alternatives to VOS.It has been shown that using DES as solvents allows reactions involving highly reactive organometallic reagents (e.g. Grignard or alkyllithium reagents) to take place even in the presence of water. This is very surprising, as these conditions would rapidly degrade the organometallic in conventional solvents. This project will take these observations further and develop novel catalytic reactions using DES as sustainable solvents under mild conditions, with no protection from atmospheric moisture or oxygen.

溶剂在合成中起着重要的作用。不幸的是，许多常用的挥发性有机溶剂（VOS）对人类和/或环境有害。一些卤化和极性非质子溶剂，如二甲基甲酰胺、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮和1，2-二氯乙烷，已被REACH列为“高度关注物质”。然而，寻找合适的替代品具有挑战性。寻找环境友好的溶剂是目前可持续化学中的一个热门话题。近年来，低共熔溶剂（DES）已成为一种新型的反应介质。DES与离子液体（IL）相关，并且通常主要由离子组成。它们通常由季铵盐（例如氯化胆碱，ChCl）与金属盐（例如ZnCl 2）或氢键供体（例如尿素）组合以形成低共熔混合物而形成。它们具有较低的蒸汽压、良好的热稳定性，并且能够溶解一系列溶质。然而，与许多离子液体相比，它们便宜、无毒、可生物降解，并且具有相对较短的由潜在可再生原料合成的合成路线。因此，它们具有许多理想的特性，作为VOS的可持续替代品。已经表明，使用DES作为溶剂允许涉及高反应性有机金属试剂（例如格氏试剂或烷基锂试剂）的反应甚至在水存在下发生。这是非常令人惊讶的，因为这些条件将在常规溶剂中快速降解有机金属。该项目将进一步研究这些观察结果，并在温和的条件下使用DES作为可持续溶剂开发新型催化反应，不受大气水分或氧气的保护。