Climate Change and Children's Health: Participation, Rhetoric and Human Rights

气候变化和儿童健康：参与、言论和人权

• 批准号: 2742905
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: CARDIFF UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2742905
• 关键词: Climate; Change; Children; Health; Participation

The consequences of climate change will be disproportionately severe for the physical and mental health of children due to their various developmental phases, cognitive and physiological immaturity, higher exposure to air, food, and water per body unit, and dependency on caregivers. Traditionally, however, children have been omitted from consideration as active contibutors to, and participants in political and legal processes affecting their future welfare. This has begun to shift with the widespread implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and the prominence of young people in the movement for Action on Climate Change.National courts around the world have been the venue for climate change-related litigation initiated by children and youth plaintiffs. At stake has been, not just the consideration of their interests, but their active participation in processes that will profoundly affect their futures. Cases such as Juliana v United States of America (2015), Carvalho v The European Parliament and the Council (2018), Urgenda Foundation v The State of the Netherlands (2019), and Youth for Climate Justice v Austria (2020) offer an insight into the developing substantive and procedural law in response to the climate emergency and the extent to which they conform to binding international human rights standards. Secondly, they allow to examine how children's participation rights are engaged to protect their health in relation to region, jurisdiction, and political systems, including monist and dualist states and their legal conventions. Although climate change is indisputably a global threat, the different procedural rules, standing regulations, remedies, and legal thresholds, pose further difficulties in pursuing collective climate mitigating and adaptation action across States. The study will identify and address the common routes through children could exercise and realise their participation rights, forming a new global community of children linked by their opportunity to contribute to the climate change debate. The case studies provide an important proving ground for political and moral theories of voice and representation. Comparative and interdisciplinary study of climate litigation will allow the development of a normative basis for children's participation, as well as a framework for critiquing current rules and proposing reforms. The explicit focus of this study on children's participation rights as they interrelate with their rights to health at the nexus of global health, human rights, philosophy, and ethics, could contribute to the conceptual and practical enhancement of global health governance models, State policy, and domestic legislation that will realise children's citizenship and protect their health, expanding on the existing international human rights frameworks. These considerations could lead to further reflections that will contribute to empowering children's membership in the community, strengthening their voices, and realising their participatory rights in the context of climate litigation and beyond.

气候变化对儿童的身心健康造成的后果将格外严重，因为儿童处于不同的发育阶段，认知和生理不成熟，每个身体单位暴露于空气、食物和水的程度更高，而且对照料者的依赖性更大。然而，传统上，儿童一直被忽略，不被视为影响其未来福利的政治和法律的进程的积极贡献者和参与者。随着联合国《儿童权利公约》的广泛实施以及青年人在气候变化行动运动中的重要性，这种情况开始发生变化。世界各地的国家法院一直是儿童和青年原告提起气候变化相关诉讼的场所。这不仅关系到他们的利益，而且关系到他们积极参与将深刻影响其未来的进程。例如Juliana v United States of America（2015），Carvalho v The European Parliament and the理事会（2018），Urgenda Foundation v The State of the Netherlands（2019），Youth for Climate Justice v Austria（2020）提供了一个深入了解发展中的实质性和程序性法律，以应对气候紧急情况，以及在何种程度上，他们符合具有约束力的国际人道主义法，权利标准。第二，它们允许审查儿童的参与权如何参与保护他们的健康与区域，管辖权和政治制度，包括一元论和二元论国家及其法律的公约。虽然气候变化无疑是一个全球性威胁，但不同的程序规则、现行条例、补救措施和法律的门槛给各国采取集体减缓和适应气候变化行动带来了更多困难。这项研究将确定和探讨儿童可以行使和实现其参与权的共同途径，形成一个新的全球儿童社区，使他们有机会为气候变化辩论作出贡献。这些案例研究为声音和代表性的政治和道德理论提供了重要的证明基础。气候诉讼的比较和跨学科研究将为儿童参与制定规范基础，以及批评现行规则和提出改革建议的框架。本研究报告明确侧重于儿童的参与权，因为这些参与权与儿童的健康权在全球健康、人权、哲学和伦理的关系中相互关联，有助于在概念和实践上加强全球健康治理模式、国家政策和国内立法，从而实现儿童的公民身份并保护儿童的健康，扩大现有的国际人权框架。这些考虑可能会导致进一步的思考，这将有助于增强儿童在社区中的成员资格，加强他们的声音，并实现他们在气候诉讼及其他方面的参与权。