Development of Auditory Response Selectivity

听觉反应选择性的发展

• 批准号: 6993567
• 负责人: ZOLTAN M. FUZESSERY
• 金额: $ 18.73万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-02-01 至 2007-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6993567
• 关键词: Chiroptera; animal developmental psychology; auditory cortex; auditory discrimination; auditory pathways; auditory reflex; auditory stimulus; auditory tracking; biological models; developmental neurobiology; ethology; inferior colliculus; mesencephalon; neurons; neurophysiology; sonar; sound frequency; sound perception

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This is a proposal to expand knowledge of the ontogeny of response selectivity for behaviorally relevant sounds in the mammalian central auditory system. Developmental studies of language acquisition in human neonates, and song acquisition in birds strongly suggest the presence of an innate neural "template" or "blueprint" that guides the development of neural substrates that serve to direct attention towards sounds that are of behavioral significance. These studies further suggest that an auditory system is not a "blank slate" prior to experience, but is instead biased to wire itself in a species-specific, adaptive fashion. Little is known, however, of the genetic contribution to the underlying neural substrates. One aim of the proposed studies is to determine the ontogeny of response selectivity for the echolocation pulse at the midbrain and cortical levels of the pallid bat auditory system. The development of response selectivity for the downward FM sweep of the echolocation pulse will be examined from the time juvenile bats first develop a representation of their full audible range, to the time they beginning using echolocation. To separate the contributions of genes and experience, these studies will be conducted in bats reared in a normal social and acousticenvironment, and bats deprived of experience with the echolocation pulse. A second aim examines response selectivity in normal adult bats to (1) determine the response selectivity for the echolocation pulse at two levels of the auditory system, (2) examine the mechanisms that underlie selectivity for various dimensions of the echolocation pulse, and (3) establish a reference for assessing the maturation of selectivity in developing bats. The pallid bat central auditory system exhibits an extreme degree of selectivity for the echolocation pulse, which provides clear physiological probes with which to measure the maturation process. In lieu of our current inability to study the ontogeny of the mechanisms underlying speech processing in humans, the proposed studies offer an opportunity to examine the development of response selectivity for frequency modulated, speech-like signals at two levels of a mammalian auditory system.

描述(由申请人提供)： 这是一项关于扩大反应选择性个体发生学知识的建议 哺乳动物中枢听觉系统中与行为相关的声音。 人类新生儿语言习得的发展研究 在鸟类身上的获得强烈地表明存在一种天生的神经 “模板”或“蓝图”，引导神经基质的发展， 用于将注意力引向具有行为意义的声音。 这些研究进一步表明，听觉系统不是一张“白板”。 在经验之前，而是偏向于将自己连接在一个 特定物种的适应性时尚。然而，人们对这种基因知之甚少 对底层神经基质的贡献。建议的一个目标是 研究是为了确定反应选择性的个体发育 苍白蝙蝠中脑和皮质水平的回声定位脉冲 听觉系统。向下调频响应选择性的研究进展 回声定位脉冲的扫描将从幼年蝙蝠开始进行检查 首先开发出它们的整个可听范围的表示法，直到它们 开始使用回声定位。为了分离基因和基因的贡献 经验上，这些研究将在正常社会饲养的蝙蝠中进行 和声学环境，蝙蝠被剥夺了回声定位的经验 脉搏。第二个目的是检测正常成年蝙蝠对(1)的反应选择性。 确定回声定位脉冲在两个水平上的响应选择性 听觉系统，(2)检查作为选择性基础的机制 回声定位脉冲的各种维度，以及(3)为 评估发育蝙蝠选择性的成熟度。苍白的蝙蝠 中枢听觉系统表现出极高的选择性 回声定位脉冲，提供清晰的生理探头，用于 测量成熟过程。而不是我们目前无法研究的 人类语音处理机制的个体发育，建议的 研究为研究反应选择性的发展提供了一个机会 对于哺乳动物的两个水平上的频率调制的语音类信号 听觉系统。