Development of Auditory Response Selectivity

描述（由申请人提供）： 这是一个建议，以扩大知识的个体发育的反应选择性 哺乳动物中枢听觉系统中与行为相关的声音。 人类新生儿语言习得的发展研究 在鸟类中的获得强烈表明存在一种先天的神经系统， “模板”或“蓝图”，指导神经基质的发展， 用于将注意力引向具有行为意义的声音。 这些研究进一步表明，听觉系统不是一张“白板” 在经验之前，而是偏向于将自己连接在一个 物种特异性的适应方式。然而，人们对遗传学知之甚少。 对潜在神经基质的贡献。建议的一个目的是 研究的目的是确定个体发育的反应选择性， 苍白蝙蝠中脑和皮层水平的回声定位脉冲 听觉系统下向调频响应选择性的发展 回声定位脉冲的扫描将从幼年蝙蝠开始进行检查， 首先开发一个代表他们的全部可听范围，到时候， 开始使用回声定位。将基因的贡献和 经验，这些研究将在蝙蝠饲养在正常的社会 和声学环境，以及缺乏回声定位经验的蝙蝠， 脉搏了第二个目的是检查正常成年蝙蝠对（1）的反应选择性。 确定回声定位脉冲在两个水平的响应选择性， 听觉系统，（2）检查选择性的机制， 回声定位脉冲的各种尺寸，以及（3）建立用于 评估蝙蝠发育中的选择性成熟度。苍白的蝙蝠 中枢听觉系统对听觉信号表现出极端的选择性。 回声定位脉冲，它提供了明确的生理探针， 测量成熟过程。我们目前无法研究 个体发育的机制，潜在的语音处理在人类，建议 研究提供了一个机会，以检查反应选择性的发展， 对于在哺乳动物的两个水平上的频率调制的类语音信号， 听觉系统

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This is a proposal to expand knowledge of the ontogeny of response selectivity for behaviorally relevant sounds in the mammalian central auditory system. Developmental studies of language acquisition in human neonates, and song acquisition in birds strongly suggest the presence of an innate neural "template" or "blueprint" that guides the development of neural substrates that serve to direct attention towards sounds that are of behavioral significance. These studies further suggest that an auditory system is not a "blank slate" prior to experience, but is instead biased to wire itself in a species-specific, adaptive fashion. Little is known, however, of the genetic contribution to the underlying neural substrates. One aim of the proposed studies is to determine the ontogeny of response selectivity for the echolocation pulse at the midbrain and cortical levels of the pallid bat auditory system. The development of response selectivity for the downward FM sweep of the echolocation pulse will be examined from the time juvenile bats first develop a representation of their full audible range, to the time they beginning using echolocation. To separate the contributions of genes and experience, these studies will be conducted in bats reared in a normal social and acousticenvironment, and bats deprived of experience with the echolocation pulse. A second aim examines response selectivity in normal adult bats to (1) determine the response selectivity for the echolocation pulse at two levels of the auditory system, (2) examine the mechanisms that underlie selectivity for various dimensions of the echolocation pulse, and (3) establish a reference for assessing the maturation of selectivity in developing bats. The pallid bat central auditory system exhibits an extreme degree of selectivity for the echolocation pulse, which provides clear physiological probes with which to measure the maturation process. In lieu of our current inability to study the ontogeny of the mechanisms underlying speech processing in humans, the proposed studies offer an opportunity to examine the development of response selectivity for frequency modulated, speech-like signals at two levels of a mammalian auditory system.