Right tree, right place, right reason: understanding species- specific benefits and disbenefits of urban trees

目前，全球都在关注植树以减缓气候变化和其他环境效益，例如Defra的25年环境计划将种植100万棵城市树木。城市树木为不断增长的城市人口提供了重要的环境、健康和福祉效益。城市森林的独特之处在于它的生态系统，它由绿色和灰色空间、花园和林地中的单个树木组成，在生态和结构上具有多样性。然而，主要的知识差距存在于i）树种组成跨越绿色和灰色空间，ii）不同树种对环境和健康的贡献和福祉的好处/坏处，iii）城市压力（包括政策决定）如何塑造城市森林及其产生的好处/坏处。解决这些知识差距对于确保城市森林管理的“正确的树、正确的地点、正确的理由”方法至关重要。目标1：确定案例研究城市中绿色和灰色空间的城市森林的组成和结构（谢菲尔德）.目标2：了解城市森林在特定物种尺度上带来的环境、健康和福祉效益/不利影响。目标3：探索物种特定的方案，以保持或增强城市森林。目标将使用相结合的解决方案：实地测量，地理信息系统，健康人口建模和公民科学的方法，以了解公众与树木的互动。它将受益于城市树木观测站（由Edmondson和Croft与谢菲尔德市议会-SCC建立）收集的数据和NERC IWUN项目开发的流行病学建模方法。拟议的博士学位将提供重要的信息，以支持城市森林管理，并告知SCC林地创造战略。主管结合联合收割机在城市生态系统服务（埃德蒙森-生物科学），数字数据和地理信息系统制图（布林德利，景观），遥感（克罗夫特-生物科学），和公众与城市树木的互动（皮拉特-谢菲尔德市理事会）的专业知识。学生将有机会获得一系列适用于广泛的学术和非学术职业道路的技术和方法的培训。通过研究城市森林的环境、健康和福祉效益/不利因素，该项目将为支持城市森林的增强和维护提供重要的证据基础。

At present, there is a global focus on tree planting forclimate change mitigation and other environmentalbenefits, e.g. Defra's 25 Year Environment Plan to plant 1million urban trees. Urban trees provide criticalenvironmental, health and wellbeing benefits to the growingurban population. The urban forest is unique in itsheterogeneity, comprising ecologically and structurallydiverse combinations of individual trees in green andgreyspaces, gardens and woodlands. However, majorknowledge-gaps exist in i) tree species composition acrossgreen and greyspaces, ii) the contribution of different treesspecies to environmental and health and wellbeingbenefits/disbenefits, and iii) reciprocally how urbanpressures (including policy decisions) shape the urbanforest and its resulting benefits/disbenefits. Addressingthese knowledge-gaps is critical to ensuring a 'right tree,right place, right reason' approach to urban forestmanagement.ObjectivesObj1: Determine composition and structure of the urbanforest across green and greyspaces in a case-study city(Sheffield).Obj2: Understand environmental, health and wellbeingbenefits/disbenefits delivered across the urban forest at aspecies-specific scale.Obj3: Explore species-specific scenarios to maintain orenhance the urban forest.Objectives will be addressed using a combination of: fieldmeasurement, GIS, health population modelling and citizenscience methods to understand public interactions withtrees. It will benefit from data collected as part of the UrbanTree Observatory (established by Edmondson and Croftwith Sheffield City Council-SCC) and epidemiologicalmodelling approaches developed on the NERC IWUNproject. The proposed PhD will provide crucial informationto support urban forest management and inform the SCCWoodland Creation Strategy.The supervisors combine expertise in urban ecosystemservices (Edmondson - Biosciences), digital data and GISmapping (Brindley, Landscape), remote sensing (Croft -Biosciences), and public interaction with urban trees (Pillatt- Sheffield City Council). The student will have theopportunity to gain training in a range of techniques andapproaches applicable to a wide range of academic andnon-academic career paths. By studying the environmental,health and wellbeing benefits/disbenefits of the urban forestthis project will provide an important evidence base tosupport enhancement and maintenance of the urban forest.