EAGER: Fertilizing the Tree of Life with novel taxa from deep-sea vent microbial metagenomes collected over time and space

EAGER：用随时间和空间收集的深海喷口微生物宏基因组中的新类群为生命之树施肥

• 批准号: 2409507
• 负责人: Anna-Louise Reysenbach
• 金额: $ 30万
• 依托单位: Portland State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2024-02-01 至 2026-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2409507&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAGER; Fertilizing; Tree; Life; novel

Deep-sea hot springs occurring along mid-ocean ridges or in deep-sea volcanoes, are some of the most poorly explored environments on Earth. When the very hot gas-filled and mineral-rich water mixes with the cold seawater at depths greater than 1500 meters (1 mile), the minerals precipitate out of solution producing porous rocks often referred to as ‘chimneys’. These structures are colonized by a very rich diversity of heat-loving microbial life, much of which is new to science. The researchers will use cutting-edge genomic technology to sequence the genomes of the microbes in these high temperature ecosystems from samples collected over the past 25 years in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. The research will transform our understanding of the extent and complexity of life on Earth and will provide insights into how life thrives and evolves under these extreme conditions. Further, the genomic information unlocked in this study can be used to search for future biotechnological and industrial applications. Additionally, data generated in this research will serve as a microbial genomic resource for the UN High Seas agreement adopted in June 2023, which in part aims prevent biodiversity loss in the high seas. The overall goal of the research is to synthesize the spatial and temporal dynamics of archaeal and bacterial environmental genomes in deep-sea hydrothermal vent deposits. This approach is transformative as it will be possible to develop an extensive temporal framework of microbial genomic biodiversity from deep-sea hydrothermal vent deposits in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans, and provide further taxonomic and diversity insights into poorly represented lineages from deep-sea vents. Specifically, representative deep-sea hydrothermal vent metagenomes and culture collection genomes will be characterized by integrating recent metagenomes with those obtained through this research, spanning data from 1999-2018. Reference (type) metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) of new genera, families, orders, classes, and phyla from deep-sea vent environments will be curated, named and deposited in Genbank, the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB) and in the recently developed SeqCode. These genomes will be integrated into taxonomic characterization and synthesis of the clades such has the Aquificota, Aciduliprofundales and Desulfurellales (Hippea spp.) and the taxonomic revision of the Thermoprotei. Using metagenomic approaches, the research will explore whether functional and/or phylogenomic changes have occurred over time from single and global sites, and address outstanding questions in microbial taxonomy, such as how or whether type-strain environmental genomes evolve over time, or even spatially; key processes to understanding the evolution of life on Earth.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

沿着海脊或深海火山发生的深海温泉是地球上探索最糟糕的环境。当非常热的燃气和富含矿物质的水与冷海水的深度大于1500米（1英里）时，矿物质是从溶液中珍贵的，产生的多孔岩石通常称为“烟囱”。这些结构是由非常喜欢热的微生物生活的非常丰富的多样性殖民的，其中大部分是科学的新事物。研究人员将使用尖端的基因组技术来对这些高温生态系统中微生物的基因组进行测序，从过去25年中在大西洋，太平洋和印度洋中收集的样品中。这项研究将改变我们对地球生活程度和复杂性的理解，并将提供有关在这些极端条件下生活如何繁荣和发展的见解。此外，本研究中解锁的基因组信息可用于搜索未来的生物技术和工业应用。此外，这项研究中产生的数据将作为2023年6月通过的联合国高中协议的微生物基因组资源，该协议部分旨在防止海洋中的生物多样性丧失。该研究的总体目的是综合深海热液排气沉积中存档和细菌环境基因组的空间和临时动力学。这种方法具有变革性，因为可以从太平洋，大西洋和印度洋的深海水热沉积物中开发出广泛的微生物基因组生物多样性的临时框架，并提供进一步的分类和多样性洞察力，以从深海通风口提供不良代表的谱系。具体而言，代表深海水热通风元基因组和培养基收集基因组的特征是将最近的宏基因组与通过这项研究获得的宏基因组整合在一起，涵盖了1999 - 2018年的数据。来自深海通风环境的新属，家庭，订单，类和门的参考（类型）组装基因组（MAG）将在GenBank，基因组分类数据库（GTDB）和最近开发的SEQCODE中策划，命名和沉积。这些基因组将整合到分类学表征和合成中，具有apefificota，酸氨基苯甲烷和去甲磺酰（Hippea spp。）和Thermoprotei的分类修订。使用宏基因组方法，该研究将探讨功能和/或系统基因组的变化是否随着时间的流逝而发生在单个和全球位点，并解决微生物分类法中的杰出问题，例如类型 - 构造环境基因组是否会随着时间的流逝而演变，甚至在空间上演变。理解地球上生命进化的关键过程。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准来评估，以诚实的支持。