Violence Against Teachers: Etiology & Consequences

描述：在暴力领域，与工作有关的暴力被认为是一个主要问题。虽然出现了与工作有关的凶杀案的文献，但对与工作有关的非致命性暴力和相关风险因素的了解严重不足。暴力被定义为对员工故意使用身体暴力或精神虐待，导致身体攻击和/或非身体暴力（威胁，性骚扰和言语虐待）。这项工作的主要目的是：（1）确定中小学教师这一主要群体中身体暴力和非身体暴力的程度和后果;（2）采用病例对照设计，通过研究与工作有关的攻击与以下因素之间的关系，确定身体攻击的相关风险因素：（a）教师个人特征/暴露：包括工作类型、学生接触时间、工作时间、工作经验、教育、专业培训、疾病/受伤史（包括先前的暴力经历）和人口统计数据（年龄、性别、种族、婚姻状况、社会经济状况）; B）环境中其他人的特征（同事、学生）：包括数量和类型、暴力行为史、其他相关行为和人口统计数据（年龄、性别、种族等）; c）环境状况/暴露：例如设施/学校类型和相关社区社会经济地位、位置、物理设计/属性（开放性、照明、障碍、房间配置）;行政和管理因素，包括对暴力的容忍/相关政策和协议、对员工的支持、员工援助/资源、学生支持/资源以及安全措施。 最初，将向随机选择的12，600名持牌教师发送一份调查工具，以确定那些在过去12个月内在明尼苏达州工作的教师及其与工作有关的暴力经历。 对从这一工具中收集的数据进行分析将用于：1）确定人身攻击和非人身暴力的发生率和后果; 2）研究每种形式的暴力与若干教师相关特征和环境特征之间的潜在关联。随后，一个嵌套的病例对照设计将被用来检查各种利益和工作相关的身体攻击的暴露之间的关系。病例将被定义为那些报告至少一次身体攻击的人，而对照组（3：1）将是那些在12个月的研究期间没有报告身体攻击的人。然后，将向个案和选定的对照组发送一份调查表，以获得关于工作环境暴露的数据，包括工作场所人员的特征和周围环境因素。案件将被询问他们在事件发生前和事件发生期间的暴露情况。将在研究期间随机选择的时间询问对照组的暴露情况。将通过子研究评价与选择偏倚和信息偏倚相关的有效性。该研究设计将能够计算感兴趣的暴露对身体攻击率的影响的比率。通过这一努力，可以更现实地制定具体的预防和控制战略。

DESCRIPTION: Within the realm of violence, work-related violence has been recognized as a major problem. While there is an emerging literature pertinent to work-related homicides, there is a serious deficiency in the knowledge of non-fatal work-related violence and the associated risk factors. Violence is defined as the intentional use of physical force or emotional abuse, against an employee, that results in physical assault and/or non-physical violence (threat, sexual harassment, and verbal abuse). The primary aims of this effort are 1) to determine the magnitude and consequences of physical and non-physical violence within a major population of elementary and secondary teachers and 2) to identify relevant risk factors for physical assault, using a case-control design, by examining the relations between work-related assault and a) teacher personal characteristics/exposures: including job type, student contact hours, hours worked, work experience, education, specialty training, illness/injury history including prior violence experience, and demographics (age, gender, race, marital status, socioeconomic status); b) characteristics of others in the environment (co-workers, students): including numbers and types, history of violent behaviors, other relevant behaviors, and demographics (age, gender, race, etc.); c) environmental situations/exposures: such as types of facilities/schools and relevant community socioeconomic status, location, physical design/attributes (openness, lighting, barriers, room configurations); administrative and management factors including tolerance of violence/relevant policies and protocols, support for employees, employee assistance/resources, student support/resources, and security measures. Initially, a survey instrument will be sent to a randomly selected cohort of 12,600 licensed teachers to identify those who worked in the state of Minnesota during the pas 12-months and their experience of work-related violence. Analyses of data collected from this instrument will be used 1) to determine the rates and consequences of physical assault and non-physical violence and 2) to study the potential associations, between each form of violence and several teacher-related and environmental characteristics. Subsequently, a nested case-control design will be used to examine the relation between various exposures of interest and work-related physical assault. Cases will be defined as those who report at least one physical assault while controls (3:1) will be those who report no physical assault during the 12-month study period. A questionnaire will then be sent to the cases and selected controls to obtain data on work environment exposures including the characteristics of persons in the workplace and surrounding environmental factors. Cases will be questioned about their exposures prior to and during the incident. Controls will be questioned about their exposures on a randomly selected time from the study period. Validity relevant to selection bias and information bias will be evaluated through substudies. This study design will enable calculation of rate ratios for the effect of exposures of interest on the rate of physical assault. From this effort, specific prevention and control strategies can be developed more realistically.