Unusual Regulation of the NF-kappaB/IKK Pathway by Ras

描述（由申请人提供）：在信号转导级联水平上，越来越多地理解了癌蛋白（如H-Ras）的致癌转化，但与转化相关的核控制仍然相对模糊。以前，我们和其他人提供的证据表明，转录因子NF-κ B是致癌H-Ras转化细胞所必需的，也是某些癌蛋白诱导的肿瘤形成所必需的。我们新的初步研究现在证明NF-κ β的p65亚基沿着Ikappabeta激酶（IKK）亚基IKappabeta对于Ras体外诱导细胞转化是必需的。有趣的是，Ras以不涉及Ikappabetaalpha降解的方式诱导p65积累，不涉及传统的IKK活性，并且不导致在我们的标准EMSA测定中测量的增强的DNA结合活性。我们表明，Ras诱导细胞周期蛋白D1基因表达的方式部分依赖于NF-κ B的p65亚基和p65和IKK被招募到细胞周期蛋白D1的启动子，如在ChIP检测。然而，其他NF-κ B依赖性基因（例如，iNOS）不被Ras激活。奇怪的是，Ras表达细胞实际上抑制了TNF激活NF-κ B的能力，显然是通过抑制IKK活性。初步数据还表明，一种新鉴定的IKK形式（IKK β）与PI 3 K/Akt激活NF-κ B的能力密切相关。因此，我们的假设是，致癌Ras激活NF-κ B通路的选择性臂，同时抑制传统的NF-κ B系统。我们假设这种不寻常的调节（同时激活一种形式的NF-κ B，同时抑制其他形式）是Ras致癌转化所必需的。此外，我们发现IKK α通过调节组蛋白磷酸化来修饰染色质，并且已知Ras-诱导组蛋白H3和H1磷酸化。为了解决我们的总体假设，并研究IKK亚基在调节Ras诱导的染色质修饰中的潜在参与，我们建议：（1）鉴定由非传统NF-κ B/IKK途径控制的Ras诱导的基因，并确定IKK亚基是否控制Ras诱导的染色质修饰，（2）研究Ras及其效应子对NF-κ B的信号转导通路的影响。激活，并确定Ras诱导的信号传导如何抑制传统的、精氨酸诱导的NF-κ B激活途径，同时维持JNK激活，和（3）利用动物模型来解决致癌转化中NF-κ/IKK特异性途径以及TNF特异性信号的需要。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Oncogenic transformation by oncoproteins such as H-Ras is increasingly understood at the level of signal transduction cascades but nuclear controls associated with transformation remain relatively obscure. Previously, we and others have provided evidence that the transcription factor NF-kappaBeta is required for oncogenic H-Ras to transform cells and required for tumor formation induced by certain oncoproteins. Our new preliminary studies now demonstrate that the p65 subunit of NF-kappaBeta along with the Ikappabeta kinase (IKK) subunit IKappabeta are essential for Ras to induce cellular transformation in vitro. Interestingly, Ras induces p65 accumulation in a manner which does not involve Ikappabetaalpha degradation, does not involve traditional IKK activity, and does not result in enhanced DNA binding activity as measured in our standard EMSA assay. We show that Ras induces cyclin D1 gene expression in a manner partially dependent on the p65 subunit of NF-kappaBeta and that p65 and IKK are recruited to the cyclin D1 promoter as measured in a ChIP assay. However, other NF-kappabeta-dependent genes (for example, iNOS) are not activated by Ras. Curiously, Ras-expressing cells actually suppress the ability of TNF to activate NF-kappabeta, apparently through the suppression of IKK activity. Preliminary data also indicate that a newly identified form of IKK (IKKepsilon) is critically involved with the ability of PI3K/Akt to activate NF-kappabeta. Thus our hypothesis is that oncogenic Ras activates a selective arm of the NF-kappabeta pathway while concomitantly suppressing the traditional NF-kappabeta system. We hypothesize that this unusual regulation (simultaneously activating one form of NF-kappabeta while suppressing other forms) is required for oncogenic transformation by Ras. Additionally, we have found that IKKalpha functions to modify chromatin through regulating histone phosphorylation and it is known that Ras-induces both histone H3 and H1 phosphorylation. In order to address our overall hypothesis and to study the potential involvement of IKK subunits in regulating Ras-induced chromatin modifications, we propose to: (1) identify Ras-induced genes controlled by the non-traditional NF-kappabeta/IKK pathway and determine if IKK subunits control chromatin modification induced by Ras, (2) characterize the signal transduction pathways induced by oncogenic Ras and its effectors which target NF-(( activation and determine how Ras-induced signaling suppresses the traditional, cytokine-induced NF-(( activation pathway while maintaining JNK activation, and (3) utilize animal models to address the requirement of NF-((/IKK specific pathways as well as TNF-specific signals in oncogenic transformation.