Pandemic influenza control at the borders of island countries and in household

岛国边境和家庭内的大流行性流感控制

• 批准号: 7266140
• 负责人: MICHAEL GEORGE BAKER
• 金额: $ 39.43万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-30 至 2008-09-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7266140
• 关键词: Australia; New Zealand; clinical research; communicable disease control; cooperative study; disease /disorder proneness /risk; disease outbreaks; geographic site; health care service utilization; household; human subject; influenza; questionnaires; travel

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of this project is to generate evidence to inform non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) for pandemic influenza. We are proposing three parts to our research: 1. Preventing pandemic entry into island countries - This component would review historic evidence about successes and failures with control of the 1918, 1957 and 1968 influenza pandemics entry into island countries and lessons that can be learned from this. It would assess the feasibility of using known NPI to exclude pandemic influenza from island countries of varying size, from continental islands (Australia) to medium sized islands (NZ, Fiji), to small islands (e.g. American Samoa, Marshall Islands). This information would be incorporated into a 'threshold analysis' tool for use by health and border authorities. 2. Seasonal influenza prevalence in airline passengers - This component would measure the prevalence of influenza like illness (ILI) and infection in arriving passengers according to origins and travel times and estimate the proportion who are incubating disease. It would also assess the positive predictive value of a short screening questionnaire. 3. Seasonal influenza hospitalizations and housing conditions - This component would measure rates of hospitalization with influenza in an established cohort of 225,000 people living in public housing in New Zealand. It would specifically measure the risk of influenza in relation to age, ethnicity, socio-economic status, household crowding levels and tobacco smoke exposure. Results of these related projects would inform pandemic influenza prevention in a number of ways: -Results would support decision-making about the feasibility of preventing pandemic influenza entry into island countries and the combination of NPIs that are likely to be most effective at achieving this. - Data on the prevalence of influenza in passengers from various origins and flying times would provide an important input for decisions about the efficacy of traveler exclusion, quarantine and screening. Results could also be contrasted with the patterns seen in Northern Hemisphere sites. - Findings from the housing cohort would be used to guide advice about reducing influenza transmission in households, particularly in terms of crowding levels and exposure to active and passive smoking.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目的目的是生成证据，以告知大流行性流感的非药物干预措施（NPI）。我们提出了研究的三个部分：1。防止大流行进入岛屿国家 - 该组成部分将通过控制1918年，1957年和1968年流感大流行病进入岛屿国家的成功和失败的历史证据，并从中汲取教训。它将评估使用已知的NPI将大流行性流感排除在不同规模的岛屿国家，从大陆岛（澳大利亚）到中型岛屿（NZ，斐济）到小岛（例如美国萨摩亚，马歇尔群岛）。此信息将被纳入“阈值分析”工具中，以供卫生和边境当局使用。 2。航空公司乘客中的季节性流感率 - 该组成部分将根据起源和旅行时间来衡量流感（ILI）（ILI）和到达乘客中感染的患病率，并估算孵化疾病的比例。它还将评估简短筛选问卷的积极预测价值。 3。季节性的流感住院和住房状况 - 该组成部分将在居住在新西兰公共住房中的225,000人群中衡量流感的住院率。它将特别衡量与年龄，种族，社会经济地位，家庭拥挤水平和烟草烟雾相关的流感风险。这些相关项目的结果将通过多种方式为大流行性流感提供信息： - 重点将支持关于防止大流行性流感进入岛屿国家以及NPI结合的可行性的决策，而NPI可能最有效地实现这一目标。 - 关于来自各种起源和飞行时间的乘客流感率流行率的数据，将为决策提供有关旅行者排除，隔离和筛查功效的重要意见。结果也可以与北半球部位的模式形成对比。 - 住房队列的发现将用于指导有关减少家庭流感传播的建议，尤其是在拥挤水平以及暴露于主动和被动吸烟方面。