Spectral Markers for Early Detection of Colon Neoplasia

描述（由申请人提供）：虽然结肠镜检查被证明可以降低结直肠癌（CRC）的死亡率，但其费用、并发症和有限的可用性使其对一般人群筛查不切实际。 通过评估结肠癌发生的“场效应”进行风险分层可用于确定是否需要结肠镜检查;然而，目前的标记物（例如远端结肠腺瘤性息肉）显然是不够的。Backman博士的团队及其同事开创了用于检测发育异常细胞的光散射技术（Nature 2000 & Nature Med 2001），现在已经开发了四维光散射指纹（4D-ELF），可以对纳米级细胞结构进行定量分析。 使用4D-ELF，我们在组织学正常粘膜中发现了光谱标记物，其先于实验性CRC的所有常规生物标记物（Gastroenterology 2004）。 评价来自未受累直肠粘膜的4D-ELF信号对未来发生肿瘤具有前所未有的灵敏度和阳性预测值（>98%）。 初步人体研究证实了这些新生物标志物的前景。 我们建议通过在结肠镜检查期间使用内窥镜兼容的4D-ELF探头来进一步验证这些光谱标记。 基于对500名患者的直肠4D-ELF分析，我们将制定晚期息肉/癌症发生和排除瘤形成的预测规则（从而确定不需要进一步筛查的亚组）。 我们将在750名患者中前瞻性地测试这些规则。 此外，我们将使用遗传性非息肉病性结直肠癌和家族性腺瘤性息肉病作为范例来研究4D-ELF无与伦比的灵敏度是否可以检测由遗传易感性引起的长期CRC风险。 我们将评估光谱标记识别突变和预测表型呈现的能力。 将来，这些光谱标记物可以在直肠检查期间用4D-ELF探针进行测定，从而提供确定最佳CRC筛查方案的实用且准确的方法。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): While colonoscopy is proven to decrease colorectal cancer (CRC) fatalities, its expense, complications and limited availability makes it impractical for general population screening. Risk-stratification through assessment of the "field effect" of colon carcinogenesis can be used to determine the need for colonoscopy; however current markers (e.g. distal colonic adenomatous polyp) are clearly inadequate. Dr. Backman's group and colleagues, having pioneered light-scattering technologies for detecting dysplastic cells (Nature 2000 & Nature Med 2001), now have developed four-dimensional light-scattering fingerprinting (4D-ELF), which enables quantitative analysis of nano-scale cellular architecture. Using 4D-ELF, we discovered spectral markers in histologically normal mucosa that preceded all conventional biomarkers of experimental CRC (Gastroenterology 2004). Evaluating 4D-ELF signatures from the uninvolved rectal mucosa had unprecedented sensitivity and positive predictive value (>98%) for the future occurrence of neoplasia. Pilot human studies confirmed the promise of these novel biomarkers. We propose to further validate these spectral markers by using an endoscopically-compatible 4D-ELF probe during colonoscopy. Based on rectal 4D-ELF analysis from 500 patients, we will formulate prediction rules for both the occurrence of advanced polyps/cancers and the exclusion of neoplasia (thus identifying a subgroup not requiring further screening). We will prospectively test these rules in 750 patients. Furthermore, we will use hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer and familial adenomatous polyposis as a paradigm to investigate whether the unparalleled sensitivity of 4D-ELF may detect long-term CRC risks engendered by an inherited predisposition. We will evaluate the ability of spectral marker to both identify mutations and forecast phenotypic presentation. In the future these spectral markers may be assayed with a 4D-ELF probe during rectal examination, thus providing a practical and accurate means of determining the optimal CRC screening regimen.