Integrated Model of Recycling and Disposal of Lithium-ion Batteries (IMRAD)

有大量的电池进入市场。由于废弃LIB中所含材料的价值以及英国预计在未来几年将产生的废物量，最经济和环保的选择是回收它们。废旧电池的生命周期评估和材料流动账户将有助于确定最佳选择。这一点更为重要，因为2022年将是自2010年有记录以来锂电池价格的首次上涨。这主要是由于原材料和电池组件价格上涨以及通胀飙升。在过去十年中，回收工艺的发展使回收材料的纯度急剧提高，这将减少对原材料的依赖，缓解一些材料的关键性问题。最先进的三种回收工艺是火法冶金、湿法冶金和直接回收（Rajaeifar等人，2021年）。不幸的是，即使在最先进的技术中，也存在回收效率不足和显著环境影响的问题（哈珀等人，2019年）。该项目将评估回收技术，并显示这些材料的第二次生命和回收可以结束（Baars 2021），它将计算全球哪些公司/流程可以回收的材料（萨默维尔2021），并显示在哪里放置回收设施（Lander 2021）。所有这些都将使用python编程以数学稳健的方式完成，以便用户可以非常输入变量并说明决策的预期和非预期后果。Domenech，T.，布莱施维茨河，Melin，H.E.和Heidrich，O.（2021）“电动汽车电池的循环经济战略减少了对原材料的依赖”，自然可持续发展4（1），第71 -79页/土地，L。Cleaver，T.，Rajaeifar，硕士，Nguyen-Tien，V.，艾略特，R. J.，海德里希岛，Kendrick，E.，Edge，J.S.，出价，G。电动汽车锂离子电池回收的经济可行性。Iscience 2021，24，102787. Rajaeifar，A.M.等人2021.火法冶金技术回收锂离子电池的生命周期评价。工业生态学之旅。Zhu，P.，Rajaeifar，文学硕士，Heidrich，O.，Goodship，V.和Kendrick，E.（2021）“锂离子电池回收过程的定性评估”，资源，保护和回收，165，第105219页

There is a massive number of batteries entering the market. Due to the value of the materials contained within spent LIBs and the volume of waste the UK is predicted to have in the coming years, the most economical and environmentally friendly option is to recycle them. Life cycle assessment and material flow accounts of spend batteries will help to determine the optimal options. This is even more important as in 2022 is the first ever increase in LIB pack prices since records began in 2010. This is primarily due to rising raw material and battery component prices and soaring inflation. The development of the recycling processes in the last decade has led to a sharp increase in the purity of materials recovered which will reduce the reliance on raw materials, alleviating some of the material criticality issues. The three recycling processes which are most advanced are pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical and direct recycling (Rajaeifar et al., 2021). Unfortunately, even in the most advanced technologies there are issues with insufficient recycling efficiencies and significant environmental impacts (Harper et al., 2019). The project will assess the recycling technologies and show where the second life and recycling of these materials can end up (Baars 2021), it will calculate the materials that can be recovered by which company/process globally (Summerville 2021) and show where to place recycling facilities (Lander 2021). All of this will be done in a mathematical robust manner using python programming so that users can very input variables and illustrate the intended and unintended consequences of the decision making.Baars, J., Domenech, T., Bleischwitz, R., Melin, H.E. and Heidrich, O. (2021) 'Circular economy strategies for electric vehicle batteries reduce reliance on raw materials', Nature Sustainability 4(1), pp71-79/Land, L., Cleaver, T., Rajaeifar, M.A., Nguyen-Tien, V., Elliott, R.J., Heidrich, I., Kendrick, E., Edge, J.S., Offer, G. Financial viability of electric vehicle lithium-ion battery recycling. Iscience 2021, 24, 102787.Rajaeifar, A.M. et al 2021. Life cycle assessment of lithium ion battery recycling using pyrometallurgical technologies. Journey of Industrial Ecology.Sommerville, R., Zhu, P., Rajaeifar, M.A., Heidrich, O., Goodship, V. and Kendrick, E. (2021) 'A qualitative assessment of lithium ion battery recycling processes', Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 165, p.105219