Greenhouse Gas Emissions from the Sanitation Service Chain and the Global Climate Impacts

对卫生系统的温室气体排放，特别是中低收入国家卫生基础设施的排放，了解不多。目前提倡在国家报告中使用历史排放系数，这可能低估了环境卫生服务链温室气体排放的真实气候影响。理解这一点很重要，因为我早期的研究表明，道路卫生系统的排放量被低估可能会导致2100年最佳估计温度异常差异为0.088摄氏度，与共享社会经济途径SSP 2 -4.5基线预测相比，上限为0.173摄氏度，当2020年卫生设施产生的被遗忘的温室气体排放增加时。不确定性范围产生的温室气体估计用于建模，并产生这种较高的温度异常值0.173摄氏度在2100年不能细化到一个可接受的程度，使用目前的排放核算方法。因此，全球知识库中缺少关于环境卫生排放的关键信息、数据和一般性了解。在卫生设施项目实施阶段，可能会错过一些简单的技术选择或解决方案，因为没有气候支持的数据来帮助规划。该项目将通过三管齐下的方法进行：-基于桌面的项目工作，运行初始气候模型以完善初步结果，完成对卫生系统温室气体排放的系统审查，并在通过博士获得更多信息后，根据合适的基线进一步完善气候项目。-实验室研究，以测试可用于HICS和LMIC的便携式气体测量技术，以改善一系列SSC元素的排放测量数据，并创建博士学位所需的技术和方法。实地考察，以测试这些新的方法，从以前被低估的卫生温室气体来源收集数据，并为最终的气候建模提供信息：博士的关键影响输出。

Greenhouse Gas emissions from sanitation systems are not well understood, particularly emissions from sanitation infrastructure in LMICs. Historical emissions factors are currently promoted for country reporting, which may be underestimating the true climate effects of GHG emissions from the Sanitation Service Chain. This is important to understand, since my early research has shown that underestimated emissions from Road-Based Sanitation Systems could potentially cause a best estimate temperature anomaly difference of 0.088 degree C in 2100, and an upper range of 0.173 degree C, when compared to the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway SSP2-4.5 baseline projection, when an impulse of forgotten GHG emissions from sanitation are added in 2020. The uncertainty ranges that produce theGHG estimates used in the modelling, and which produce this higher-temperature anomaly value of 0.173 degree C in 2100 cannot be refined to an acceptable degree using current emissions accounting methods. Ergo, critical information, data and a general understanding of sanitation emissions is missing in the global knowledge-base. Simple technological choices or solutions already available to mitigate these emissions may be missed during sanitation project implementation phases, since climate-backed data to aid planning does not exist.The project will be carried out through a three-pronged approach:-Desk-based project work to run initial climate models to refine initial findings, to complete a systematic review of GHG emissions from sanitation systems, and to further refine climate projects against suitable baselines once more information has been gained through the PhD.-Laboratory studies to test portable gas measuring technologies which could be used in both HICS and LMICs to improve emissions measurement data from a range of SSC elements, and to create technologies and methodologies needed for the PhD.-Fieldwork to test these new methodologies, collect data from previously under-valued sanitation GHG sources, and to inform the final climate modelling: A key impact output of the PhD.