BIOENGINEERING ANALYSIS OF SIDE IMPACT INJURIES TO OLDER DRIVERS

老年驾驶员侧面碰撞伤害的生物工程分析

• 批准号: 7111099
• 负责人: FRANK A PINTAR
• 金额: $ 24.41万
• 依托单位: MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-08-15 至 2008-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7111099
• 关键词: aging; bioengineering /biomedical engineering; human subject; injury prevention; physical model; postmortem; safety equipment; transportation /recreation safety; travel; user protection; vehicular accident

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This is a revised application. Side airbags are increasingly used in the automotive world. Torso side airbags are designed to protect the chest of the occupant and are often available with head-curtain side airbags. Field data are primarily anecdotal regarding the efficacy of side airbags, principally because they are still nascent. A primary focus of the proposed project is to evaluate the efficacy of torso side airbags with respect to the older occupant. Recent data from government consumer crash tests reveals that torso side airbags do not always improve the safety performance of a vehicle. Also, data from our local trauma center indicates that occupants over 59 may have 3 or 4 times the number of rib fractures than a young person in a similar side impact crash. The working hypothesis of the project is that torso side airbags mitigate chest trauma and do not increase the injury spectrum to the rib cage of older occupants. The hypothesis is based on the biomechanical knowledge that, when properly positioned, airbags absorb energy, which would have otherwise been imparted to the occupant in a lateral impact, thus minimizing trauma. We also hypothesize that when an out-of-position scenario is added to the fragility of the older driver, the risk of injury and harm from the impact might have a combination effect. For torso side airbags, such scenarios need to be clearly defined before an evaluation of its efficacy can be made. It is our hypothesis that, just as children are the vulnerable group that may receive disbenefit from frontal airbags, the older driver may be the vulnerable group that receives disbenefit from side airbags. The characteristic features of the research design include the use of a full-scale sled to conduct whole-body side impact simulations at velocities representative of field data; the use of torso side airbags representative of the modern vehicle fleet; various transducers to obtain chest deformations; and a detailed autopsy to carefully identify and document injuries, including number of rib fractures. This multifaceted design will duplicate side impacts in a controlled laboratory environment for in-position and out-of-position occupants for young and old age groups.

描述（由申请人提供）：这是修订的申请。侧气囊越来越多地用于汽车世界。躯干侧安全气囊旨在保护乘员的胸部，并且通常配有头部侧面安全气囊。现场数据主要是关于侧安全气囊功效的轶事，主要是因为它们仍然是偏生的。拟议项目的主要重点是评估躯干侧安全气囊相对于老年人的功效。政府消费者崩溃测试的最新数据表明，躯干侧安全气囊并不总是改善车辆的安全性能。此外，我们当地创伤中心的数据表明，超过59岁以上的乘员可能是肋骨骨折的3或4倍，是在类似侧面撞击事故中的年轻人。该项目的工作假设是，躯干侧安全气囊减轻了胸部创伤，并且不会增加损伤频谱到老年人的肋骨。该假设是基于生物力学知识，即在适当定位的安全气囊会吸收能量，否则这些能量将在横向影响下赋予乘员，从而最大程度地减少创伤。我们还假设，当将置于位置的情况添加到较老驾驶员的脆弱性中时，撞击的伤害和伤害的风险可能会产生组合效果。对于躯干侧安全气囊，需要清楚地定义此类情况，然后才能对其功效进行评估。我们的假设是，正如儿童是可能从额叶安全气囊中获得不可屈服的弱势群体一样，较老的驾驶员可能是从侧面安全气囊中获得不可思议的脆弱群体。研究设计的特征包括使用全尺寸雪橇在代表现场数据的速度上进行全身侧面冲击模拟。代表现代车队的躯干侧安全气囊；各种换能器以获得胸部变形；以及详细的尸检，以仔细识别和记录伤害，包括肋骨骨折的数量。这种多方面的设计将在受控的实验室环境中复制侧面影响，以使年轻人和老年人组的置于位置和置于位置的乘员。