BIOENGINEERING ANALYSIS OF SIDE IMPACT INJURIES TO OLDER DRIVERS

老年驾驶员侧面碰撞伤害的生物工程分析

• 批准号: 7111099
• 负责人: FRANK A PINTAR
• 金额: $ 24.41万
• 依托单位: MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-08-15 至 2008-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7111099
• 关键词: aging; bioengineering /biomedical engineering; human subject; injury prevention; physical model; postmortem; safety equipment; transportation /recreation safety; travel; user protection; vehicular accident

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This is a revised application. Side airbags are increasingly used in the automotive world. Torso side airbags are designed to protect the chest of the occupant and are often available with head-curtain side airbags. Field data are primarily anecdotal regarding the efficacy of side airbags, principally because they are still nascent. A primary focus of the proposed project is to evaluate the efficacy of torso side airbags with respect to the older occupant. Recent data from government consumer crash tests reveals that torso side airbags do not always improve the safety performance of a vehicle. Also, data from our local trauma center indicates that occupants over 59 may have 3 or 4 times the number of rib fractures than a young person in a similar side impact crash. The working hypothesis of the project is that torso side airbags mitigate chest trauma and do not increase the injury spectrum to the rib cage of older occupants. The hypothesis is based on the biomechanical knowledge that, when properly positioned, airbags absorb energy, which would have otherwise been imparted to the occupant in a lateral impact, thus minimizing trauma. We also hypothesize that when an out-of-position scenario is added to the fragility of the older driver, the risk of injury and harm from the impact might have a combination effect. For torso side airbags, such scenarios need to be clearly defined before an evaluation of its efficacy can be made. It is our hypothesis that, just as children are the vulnerable group that may receive disbenefit from frontal airbags, the older driver may be the vulnerable group that receives disbenefit from side airbags. The characteristic features of the research design include the use of a full-scale sled to conduct whole-body side impact simulations at velocities representative of field data; the use of torso side airbags representative of the modern vehicle fleet; various transducers to obtain chest deformations; and a detailed autopsy to carefully identify and document injuries, including number of rib fractures. This multifaceted design will duplicate side impacts in a controlled laboratory environment for in-position and out-of-position occupants for young and old age groups.

描述（由申请人提供）：这是一个修改后的应用程序。侧气囊越来越多地用于汽车世界。躯干侧安全气囊被设计成保护乘员的胸部，并且通常与头帘式侧安全气囊一起使用。现场数据主要是关于侧面安全气囊的功效的轶事，主要是因为它们仍然是新生的。拟议项目的主要重点是评估躯干侧安全气囊对老年乘客的有效性。来自政府消费者碰撞测试的最新数据显示，躯干侧气囊并不总是提高车辆的安全性能。此外，我们当地创伤中心的数据表明，在类似的侧面碰撞事故中，59岁以上的乘客肋骨骨折的数量可能是年轻人的3到4倍。该项目的工作假设是，躯干侧气囊减轻胸部创伤，并没有增加伤害谱的肋骨老年乘客。该假设基于生物力学知识，即当正确定位时，安全气囊吸收能量，否则这些能量将在侧向碰撞中传递给乘员，从而最大限度地减少创伤。我们还假设，当一个位置外的情况下，增加了老年司机的脆弱性，受伤的风险和伤害的影响可能有一个组合效应。对于躯干侧安全气囊，在评估其功效之前，需要明确定义这些场景。我们的假设是，正如儿童是可能从正面安全气囊中受益的弱势群体一样，老年驾驶员可能是从侧面安全气囊中受益的弱势群体。研究设计的特征包括使用全尺寸雪橇以代表现场数据的速度进行全身侧面碰撞模拟;使用代表现代车队的躯干侧气囊;各种传感器以获得胸部变形;以及详细的尸检以仔细识别和记录受伤情况，包括肋骨骨折的数量。这种多方面的设计将在受控的实验室环境中为年轻人和老年人的在位和离位乘员复制侧面碰撞。