The role of legumes in achieving net zero: reducing nitrogen losses and improving soil health

豆类在实现净零排放方面的作用：减少氮素损失并改善土壤健康

• 批准号: 2754265
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Edinburgh
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2754265
• 关键词: role; legumes; achieving; net; zero

Scottish Government has pledged to meet a net-zero target for GHG emissions in Scotland by 2045 and the UK government by 2050. However, current agricultural practices result in high nitrogen (N) losses through nitrate leaching and emissions of the greenhouse gas (GHG) nitrous oxide (N2O). Improved agricultural practices can prevent soil health depletion and excess synthetic N fertiliser application. Implementing legumes into the crop system to capture and utilise biological forms of N provides a nature-based solution contributing to net zero targets. Diverse plant species mixtures that include N-fixing legumes (e.g. red clover, black medic, lucerne) are currently being used in organic agriculture but further development in conventional agriculture is needed, particularly understanding N cycling and soil GHG release in diverse species mixtures vs. monocultures. Evidence-based studies which directly measure N transfer-processes across contrasting agricultural systems (cover crops, grass/legume mixtures, intercropping, herbal leys) are needed to better understand plant-soil interactions and their ability to be manipulated for optimising N use efficiency and reducing GHG emissions whilst maintaining crop productivity. An experimental programme will be developed to investigate grass-legume species diversity, composition and intercropping effects on N fixation, N pools, N uptake and ecological responses, such as soil health status and plant productivity. Implications for residue quality and incorporation will also be studied in terms of net-gains and losses for the following crop and wider legacy effects. The project will develop grass/legume management guidance for optimal N use efficiency utilizing existing experimental field sites linked with current mob grazing, carbon sequestration potential, GHG monitoring and future RESAS research activities. The student will be trained in a range of analytical techniques (e.g. continuous flow analysis, gas chromatography, isotope ratio mass spectrometry, genetic techniques/analyses) to explore N pools, GHG emissions and soil microbial community diversity. These would provide detailed information about plant-soil N interactions which is vital for development of relationships that will be incorporated into dynamic deterministic models to improve the predictions of N cycling.Collectively supervisors on this project have extensive PhD supervision experience (at lead and co-supervisor levels on a range of interdisciplinary topics). The lead supervisor is responsible for identifying training needs through active communication with the student and awareness of the student's background and relevant experience. To ensure excellent training of the selected PhD student, the student's progress and training needs are monitored throughout the PhD programme.

苏格兰政府承诺到2045年实现苏格兰温室气体净零排放目标，到2050年实现英国政府的目标。然而，目前的农业实践通过硝酸盐淋溶和温室气体（GHG）一氧化二氮（N2 O）的排放导致高氮（N）损失。改进的农业实践可以防止土壤健康枯竭和过量施用合成氮肥。在作物系统中种植豆科植物以捕获和利用生物形式的氮，提供了一种基于自然的解决方案，有助于实现净零目标。包括固氮豆科植物（如红三叶草、黑苜蓿、卢塞恩）在内的多种植物物种混合物目前正用于有机农业，但需要进一步发展传统农业，特别是了解不同物种混合物与单一栽培物中的氮循环和土壤温室气体释放。基于证据的研究，直接测量氮转移过程中的对比农业系统（覆盖作物，草/豆类混合物，间作，草本植物leys）需要更好地了解植物-土壤相互作用和他们的能力，以优化氮的利用效率和减少温室气体排放，同时保持作物生产力。将制定一项实验方案，调查禾本科-豆科植物物种多样性、组成和间作对固氮、氮库、氮吸收和生态反应的影响，如土壤健康状况和植物生产力。残留物的质量和掺入的影响也将研究在净收益和损失的以下作物和更广泛的遗产影响。该项目将制定草/豆类管理指南，利用现有的实验场地，结合当前的放牧、碳固存潜力、温室气体监测和未来的RESAS研究活动，实现最佳的氮利用效率。学生将接受一系列分析技术（例如连续流分析，气相色谱，同位素比质谱，遗传技术/分析）的培训，以探索氮库，温室气体排放和土壤微生物群落多样性。这些将提供有关植物-土壤氮相互作用的详细信息，这对于发展关系至关重要，这些关系将被纳入动态确定性模型，以改善N循环的预测。该项目的集体主管具有丰富的博士生监督经验（在一系列跨学科主题的领导和共同主管水平）。首席主管负责通过与学生积极沟通并了解学生的背景和相关经验来确定培训需求。为了确保所选博士生的优秀培训，学生的进步和培训需求在整个博士课程中得到监控。