Assessing microbiome functional traits as indicators of soil health for sustainable agriculture

评估微生物组功能特征作为可持续农业土壤健康的指标

• 批准号: 2755834
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Aberdeen
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2755834
• 关键词: Assessing; microbiome; functional; traits; indicators

Soil is a multifunctional environment upon which our food security depends. The ability of soils to maintain particular functions which contribute to ecosystem services (such as food, fibre and energy production) is compromised by soil degradation. This degradation is primarily associated with unsustainable agricultural management practices developed over the past 70 years to maintain optimum productivity of food, fibre, or energy crops. Contrasting land management practices result in variation in soil nutrient availability and / or pH levels, over time this generates distinct microbiomes and functional properties in adjacent soil systems. Not all of these communities or functional properties will be desirable and what is desirable will be dependent on what the land is being used for. Understanding what a healthy and well-functioning soil community looks like in the context of specific land use is of great importance not only to sectors involved in land-based production but also to policy makers driving towards net zero carbon emissions and those wishing to restore degraded land. The main aim of the project is to use crop rhizosphere microbiome datasets to address the impact of soil management processes on nutrient cycling. A trait-based framework will be used to assign life history strategies to microbiomes which can be used as indicators of soil health. The work will be based on existing rhizosphere microbiomes derived from several major UK crops which have been grown in rotation on soils exposed to contrasting management over several decades at SRUC's Craibstone Campus. Both archive and contemporary soil samples can be used for laboratory and/or glasshouse-based testing to determine actual functional output alongside genetic functional capacity. The specific questions to be addressed are:Have decades of contrasting agricultural management established microbiomes with differing nutrient cycling traits based on rhizosphere microbiome datasets?Do soils have different functional abilities in terms of nutrient mineralisation having been under long-term contrasting management and are these correlated to traits found in the microbiome datasets?Are there identifiable microbiome markers which can identify soils which will be successful in producing crops in low nutrient input scenarios?

土壤是一个多功能的环境，我们的粮食安全依赖于它。土壤保持有助于生态系统服务的特定功能（如粮食、纤维和能源生产）的能力因土壤退化而受到损害。这种退化主要与过去70年来为保持粮食、纤维或能源作物的最佳生产力而制定的不可持续的农业管理做法有关。不同的土地管理做法导致土壤养分供应和/或pH值水平的变化，随着时间的推移，这在相邻的土壤系统中产生了不同的微生物组和功能特性。并非所有这些社区或功能性财产都是可取的，可取的是什么将取决于土地的用途。了解在特定土地使用情况下健康和功能良好的土壤群落是什么样的，不仅对参与土地生产的部门非常重要，而且对致力于实现净零碳排放的政策制定者和希望恢复退化土地的人也非常重要。该项目的主要目的是利用作物根际微生物组数据集来解决土壤管理过程对养分循环的影响。一个基于特征的框架将被用来分配生活史的策略，微生物，可用作土壤健康的指标。这项工作将基于来自英国几种主要作物的现有根际微生物组，这些作物在SRUC的Craibstone校区的几十年来在暴露于对比管理的土壤上轮流种植。档案和当代土壤样本都可以用于实验室和/或温室测试，以确定实际的功能输出以及遗传功能能力。要解决的具体问题是：几十年的对比农业管理建立了微生物与不同的营养循环特征的根际微生物组数据集的基础上？在长期对比管理下，土壤在养分矿化方面是否具有不同的功能能力，这些功能能力是否与微生物组数据集中发现的特征相关？是否有可识别的微生物组标志物可以识别在低养分投入情况下成功生产作物的土壤？