HOW IS FOREIGN AID ADDRESSING EDUCATION AND SEXUAL EXPLOITATION, ABUSE AND HARASSMENT (SEAH) AGAINST WOMEN AND GIRLS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA IN THIS PAN

在此背景下，外国援助如何解决撒哈拉以南非洲地区妇女和女童的教育以及性剥削、性虐待和骚扰 (SEAH) 问题

• 批准号: 2774529
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Portsmouth
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2774529
• 关键词: HOW; FOREIGN; AID; ADDRESSING; EDUCATION

HOW IS FOREIGN AID ADDRESSING EDUCATION AND SEXUAL EXPLOITATION, ABUSE AND HARASSMENT (SEAH) AGAINST WOMEN AND GIRLS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA IN THIS PANDEMIC ERA? New Evidence from NigeriaRESEARCH QUESTIONS1. To what extent is foreign aid helping to combat SEAH against women and girls in Nigeria in the Covid-19 pandemic era? And are there differences in the impact of foreign aid on SEAH Against Women and Girls before and during the pandemic?2. In what ways are cultural practices promoting/tolerating sexual abuse, leading to the disempowerment of women in Nigeria in the Covid-19 Pandemic era?3. Does access to education reduce the likelihood of girls getting sexually abused in Nigeria? And Is the empowerment of women counterproductive in the fight against SEAH in Nigeria?4. What are the local solutions for dealing with the problem of sexual abuse in Nigeria?BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE FOR THE STUDYReports of violence and sexual abuse against women and girls around the world during the Covid-19 pandemic has been on the rise since the outbreak in 2020. According to UNWomen (2020), one in three women worldwide experience physical or sexual violence mostly by an intimate partner, and this has worsened due to the pandemic. Many reports including United Nations (2021), OECD (2021), and UNwomen (2020) maintain that almost half of all women reported that they or a woman they know began to experience gender-based violence during the pandemic across 13 countries. Thus, these reports have shown that all types of violence and sexual abuse against women and girls have intensified since the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic. It is so bad that the act has now been tagged as the shadow pandemic or the neglected pandemic UNWomen (2020).Authors such as Yenilmez (2020), and reports from UN|Sexual Violence in Conflict, (2020) UNFPA, (2020), and UNWomen (2020) maintain that restrictions being placed to curtail the rise of Covid-19 is aiding the rise of all types of gender-based violence, and these further mounts more pressure on medical facilities. This begs the question of how the Covid-19 pandemic is changing the effectiveness of strategies deployed to end SEAH which presents an opportunity to reassess the effectiveness of the bilateral official development assistance which began in 2016, towards ending SEAH Against Women and Girls captured under the ODA reporting sector purpose code 15180. However, the extent to which this financial assistance has helped to reduce SEAH has not been explored in literature, especially in this Covid-19 era. Although the role of ODA in Sub-Saharan Africa has been a controversial topic, the recipients have continued to admonish it as a viable source of funds to solve problems that they would not have had the required resources to combat. Nonetheless, continued reliance on ODA especially in the fight against SEAH may not be the best as there is no guarantee of continuous flow thus, there is a need for local solutions as well, which is also a part of the objectives to be addressed in this proposalDespite there being a plethora of literature on sexual abuse against women and girls around the world, only a few research papers have addressed how the Covid-19 pandemic is affecting the fight against it. Many papers done are literature-based due to the difficulty of obtaining data during the lockdown, coupled with the fact that there is no current data on demographic and health surveys. Thus, this present research may be the first research to attempt to expand this topic further by incorporating the effectiveness of ODA towards ending SEAH in Sub-Saharan Africa

在这一流行病时代，外国援助如何处理撒哈拉以南非洲妇女和女孩的教育和性剥削、虐待和骚扰问题？新的证据来自于神经病学研究问题1。在新冠肺炎大流行时期，外国援助在多大程度上帮助尼日利亚打击针对妇女和女孩的SEAH？在大流行之前和期间，外国援助对SEAH对妇女和女孩的影响是否有差异？2.在新冠肺炎大流行时期，文化习俗以何种方式促进/容忍性虐待，导致尼日利亚妇女权能被剥夺？3.在尼日利亚，接受教育是否会减少女孩遭受性虐待的可能性？在尼日利亚打击SEAH的斗争中，赋予妇女权力是否适得其反？4.处理尼日利亚性虐待问题的当地解决办法是什么？报告的背景及理由自2020年爆发以来，有关2019冠状病毒病疫情期间全球各地针对妇女及女童的暴力及性虐待的报告一直呈上升趋势。根据联合国妇女署（2020年）的数据，全世界每三名妇女中就有一名遭受身体或性暴力，主要是亲密伴侣的暴力，这种情况由于这一流行病而恶化。包括联合国（2021年）、经合组织（2021年）和联合国妇女署（2020年）在内的许多报告认为，在13个国家，几乎一半的妇女报告说，她们或她们认识的妇女在大流行期间开始遭受基于性别的暴力。因此，这些报告表明，自2019冠状病毒病大流行爆发以来，针对妇女和女孩的所有类型的暴力和性虐待都有所加剧。这是如此糟糕，该行为现在已被标记为影子流行病或被忽视的流行病联合国妇女署（2020年）。|冲突中的性暴力，（2020）人口基金，（2020）和联合国妇女署（2020）认为，为遏制新冠肺炎的上升而施加的限制正在助长各种类型的性别暴力的上升，这些进一步给医疗设施带来更大的压力。这就引出了一个问题，即2019冠状病毒病大流行如何改变了为结束SEAH而部署的战略的有效性，这为重新评估2016年开始的双边官方发展援助的有效性提供了一个机会，以结束根据官方发展援助报告部门目的代码15180捕获的针对妇女和女童的SEAH。然而，这种财政援助在多大程度上帮助减少了SEAH尚未在文献中探讨，特别是在这个新冠肺炎时代。虽然官方发展援助在撒哈拉以南非洲的作用一直是一个有争议的话题，但受援国继续告诫说，官方发展援助是一个可行的资金来源，可以解决它们没有必要资源解决的问题。然而，继续依赖官方发展援助，特别是在打击东南亚人道主义法方面，可能不是最好的办法，因为无法保证持续的流动，因此，还需要当地解决办法，这也是本提案要解决的目标的一部分。只有少数研究论文讨论了新冠肺炎疫情如何影响抗击工作。由于封锁期间难以获得数据，加上目前没有人口和健康调查数据，因此许多论文都是基于文献的。因此，本研究可能是第一个试图通过纳入官方发展援助对结束撒哈拉以南非洲SEAH的有效性来进一步扩展这一主题的研究。