Functioning Imaging of Emergent Learning

突发学习的功能成像

• 批准号: 7090761
• 负责人: MICHAEL W. SCHLUND
• 金额: $ 7.86万
• 依托单位: HUGO W. MOSER RES INST KENNEDY KRIEGER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-07-01 至 2008-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7090761
• 关键词: behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; bioimaging /biomedical imaging; brain imaging /visualization /scanning; clinical research; comprehension; concept; corpus striatum; data collection methodology /evaluation; decision making; developmental disease /disorder; frontal lobe /cortex; functional ability; functional magnetic resonance imaging; human subject; psychological reinforcement; semantics; statistics /biometry; verbal conditioning; verbal learning

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): One (1) defining characteristic of learning deficits associated with developmental disabilities is difficulty learning conditional or semantic relations among stimuli that do not share common physical features. One (1) such example is learning that the word "TWO" and the number "2" are semantically related or that "TWO" "2" and "OO" (2 circles) may be members of the same concept. The present R03 small grant proposal is designed to reveal the functional neuroanatomy of a process known as stimulus equivalence. Stimulus equivalence (SE) is a process by which reinforcement contingencies are manipulated during direct training to establish a set of learned conditional/semantic relations among stimuli, for example, learning the conditional relation if stimulus A, select stimulus B (A:B), and a second conditional relation, B:C. During subsequent testing, several new relations have been found to "emerge" without direct training. These SE relations are termed: symmetry (B:A), transitivity (A:C), and equivalence (C:A). To broaden our understanding of the neuroanatomy of conditional/semantic learning deficits in developmental disabilities, we investigated SE processes in healthy adults using fMRI. Results showed SE relations produced frontal-striatal activation in regions implicated in reward processing and decision making. In this proposal, we will use BOLD fMRI to demonstrate that discriminations of SE relations involve the striatum and ventral frontal cortex. We will also investigate frontal-striatal responses to SE relations established through different consequences (nonverbal vs. verbal) and different mechanisms (contingencies vs. instructions). Results obtained with healthy adult subjects will help us to further test and develop our model of frontal-striatal involvement in SE.

描述（由申请人提供）：与发育障碍相关的学习缺陷的一个(1)定义特征是难以在不具有共同物理特征的刺激之间学习条件或语义关系。一个这样的例子是，学习单词“TWO”和数字“2”在语义上是相关的，或者“TWO”、“2”和“OO”（两个圆）可能是同一个概念的成员。目前的R03小额拨款提案旨在揭示被称为刺激等效过程的功能神经解剖学。刺激等价（Stimulus equivalence， SE）是指在直接训练过程中，通过操纵强化随因，在刺激之间建立一组习得的条件/语义关系的过程，例如，学习刺激a选择刺激B （a:B）的条件关系，以及第二个条件关系B:C。在随后的测试中，发现一些新的关系在没有直接训练的情况下“出现”了。这些SE关系被称为：对称（B:A），传递性（A:C）和等价（C:A）。为了扩大我们对发育障碍中条件/语义学习缺陷的神经解剖学理解，我们使用功能磁共振成像研究了健康成人的SE过程。结果表明，东南关系在奖赏加工和决策相关区域产生额纹状体激活。在这个提议中，我们将使用BOLD fMRI来证明SE关系的区分涉及纹状体和腹额叶皮层。我们还将研究通过不同结果（非语言与语言）和不同机制（偶然与指令）建立的SE关系的额纹状体反应。从健康成人受试者中获得的结果将有助于我们进一步测试和发展我们的东南脑额纹状体受累模型。