Structure antimicrobial mechanisms with zinc oxide

用氧化锌构建抗菌机制

• 批准号: 2786038
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Liverpool
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2786038
• 关键词: Structure; antimicrobial; mechanisms; zinc; oxide

The Covid-19 pandemic, the rise of antimicrobial resistance, rising populations, and climate change have exacerbated the needs for materials which prevent the growth of microbes. The market size for antimicrobial coatings is expected to grow up to £13bn by 2026 [Parihar & Prasad, 2020] while the the global antimicrobial additives market was valued at $4.7 billion in 2020, and is projected to reach $9.3 billion by 2030, registering a CAGR of 7.1% from 2021 to 2030 [Bilagi, Mittal & Prasad 2021].Antimicrobial additives have existed for centuries, but the currently-used chemicals have high toxicities, endangering everything from manufacturers, consumers, to the environment. These chemicals include cheap organic compounds, such as diuron and methylisothiazolinone, and silver, which is costly. Increase in regulations and rise in public awareness are now driving the quest for antimicrobial additives that are non-hazardous, green, and sustainably manufactured.AM has recently developed an extremely cost-effective and sustainable manufacturing process for creating and tuning the structure of antimicrobial nano zinc oxide [Jose et al. 2021], which is known to be nontoxic with regulatory approval, but highly effective against microbes. However, the exact mechanisms of nano zinc oxide's action against pathogenic microbes are still obscure, and further data is needed to create an advanced technology capable to delivering both broad spectrum and targeted antimicrobial activity.Zinc oxide is an incredibly diverse material with known antimicrobial properties in particular nanostructures (see figure right). As its dominant crystal form, wurtzite, is in fact a polar crystal, it can arrange to form a wide range of shapes, sizes and surface features. This ability enables zinc oxide to create a rich landscape of electrical, chemical and physical properties that can play key roles in antimicrobial action. Importantly, the multiple ways in which ZnO can deliver antimicrobial activity makes it highly promising for combatting AMR.Many questions have been posed by recent literature findings - why does size and shape mediate antimicrobial activity? Does particle anisotropy enhance biofilm penetration ability? Why are some species of bacteria more sensitive than others to the same zinc oxide structure? How can the antimicrobial activity be controlled and tailored for specific outcomes?The vision of this co-created programme is to create a fundamental, physical understanding of antimicrobial mechanisms of nano zinc oxide materials, so that new advanced materials can be made, specifically tuned to particularly pathogenic and antimicrobial resistant strains via a holistic approach [Barbieri et al., 2021]. Our ambition in doing this is to create the platform science that will enable rapid industrial adoption.

新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）大流行、抗菌素耐药性的上升、人口增长和气候变化加剧了对防止微生物生长的材料的需求。抗菌涂料的市场规模预计到2026年将增长到130亿英镑[Parihar & Prasad，2020年]，而全球抗菌添加剂市场在2020年的价值为47亿美元，预计到2030年将达到93亿美元，从2021年到2030年的复合年增长率为7.1%[Bilagi，抗菌添加剂已经存在了几个世纪，但目前使用的化学品具有高毒性，危及从制造商，消费者到环境的一切。这些化学品包括廉价的有机化合物，如敌草隆和甲基异噻唑啉酮，以及昂贵的银。法规的增加和公众意识的提高正在推动对无害、绿色和可持续制造的抗菌添加剂的追求。AM最近开发了一种极具成本效益和可持续的制造工艺，用于制造和调整抗菌纳米氧化锌的结构[Jose et al. 2021]，已知其经监管批准无毒，但对微生物非常有效。然而，纳米氧化锌对病原微生物的确切作用机制仍然不清楚，需要进一步的数据来创建一种能够提供广谱和靶向抗菌活性的先进技术。氧化锌是一种非常多样化的材料，具有特定纳米结构的已知抗菌性能（见右图）。由于其主要的晶体形式，纤锌矿，实际上是一种极性晶体，它可以排列形成各种形状，尺寸和表面特征。这种能力使氧化锌能够创造出丰富的电气，化学和物理特性，可以在抗菌作用中发挥关键作用。重要的是，ZnO可以提供抗菌活性的多种方式使其在对抗AMR方面非常有希望。最近的文献发现提出了许多问题-为什么尺寸和形状介导抗菌活性？颗粒的各向异性增强了生物膜的穿透能力吗？为什么有些种类的细菌对相同的氧化锌结构比其他细菌更敏感？如何控制抗菌活性并针对特定结果进行定制？这个共同创建的计划的愿景是创建对纳米氧化锌材料的抗菌机制的基本物理理解，以便可以制造新的先进材料，通过整体方法专门针对特别致病和抗菌剂耐药菌株进行调整[Barbieri等人，2021年]。我们这样做的目标是创建平台科学，使快速的工业应用成为可能。