Green hydrogen based Steel manufacturing

对于最终用户来说，氢气是一种环境更清洁的能源，不会在最终使用点释放颗粒物或二氧化碳等污染物。可再生能源的重大发展使通过水电解(而不是重整天然气)生产纯氢气而不会对环境造成影响，尽管需要做大量的工作(例如成本、储存、分配基础设施)来克服氢气成为主要经济因素的挑战。利用可再生能源(电力)产生的氢气生产直接还原铁(DRI)将是一种超低甚至零二氧化碳排放的替代炼铁技术。这项博士研究将从关于钢铁工业中氢气应用的最新技术的批判性文献综述开始，并集中在一些具有挑战性和未解决的领域，如DRI工艺的产品质量和氢气利用效率，并辅之以热力学和动力学模拟。这项研究将研究氢气还原过程中铁矿石中杂质的行为(例如，它本身的行为及其对氧化铁还原的影响)，以及在炼钢过程中直接还原铁中杂质(元素和化合物)的行为。

Hydrogen is an environmentally cleaner resource of energy to end users without the release of pollutants, such as particulate matter or carbon dioxide at the point of end use. Significant development of renewable energy enables the production of pure hydrogen by water electrolysis (instead of reforming natural gas) without environmental impact, although substantial work (e.g. cost, storage, distribution infrastructure) needs to be done to overcome the challenges for H2 to be a major economy factor. The production of direct reduced iron (DRI) by using renewable energy (electricity)-generated hydrogen will be an ultra-low or even zero CO2 emissions alternative ironmaking technology. This PhD research will start from the critical literature review of the state-of-the-art with regards to hydrogen application in the steel industry, and focus on some of the challenging and unsolved areas such as product qualities from DRI processes and the hydrogen utilisation efficiency, aided by thermodynamic and kinetic simulations. The research will study the behaviour of impurities in iron ores during H2 reduction (e.g. its own behaviour and its effect on iron oxide reduction) and the behaviour of impurities (elements and compounds) in DRI during steelmaking.