Modular High-Field Superconducting Magnets with Demountable Joints for Fusion Energy Applications

用于聚变能应用的具有可拆卸接头的模块化高场超导磁体

• 批准号: 2820016
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Durham University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2820016
• 关键词: Modular; Field; Superconducting; Magnets; Demountable

Background to the PhD Research Project:: Modular magnets with demountable superconducting joints will be required for commercialisation of fusion energy. They will operate at cryogenic temperatures in high magnetic fields. In this project, the PhD student will design, develop and test new demountable superconducting joints made using both traditional low temperature and high temperature superconductors. These joints must meet the requirements: low-cost, low-loss, thermally, electrically and mechanically stable, and remote-handling ready. Staff with expertise and facilities in Durham (Superconductivity Group) and CCFE (STEP and RACE) will collaborate in the design and fabrication of these joints. Testing at high currents will be in high-field cryogenic facilities in Durham. At the beginning of the 21st century, the ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) Tokamak that is being built in Cadarache in France is one of the most exciting scientific projects (http://www.iter.org/). It will produce 500 MW which is about ten times the power needed to run the machine. Superconductivity is the enabling technology for this project since without it, the magnets that hold the plasma would either melt or consume more energy than the tokamak produces. Approximately one third of the cost of ITER comes from the superconducting magnets which use low temperature superconductors. After ITER, we expect new tokamaks to be built across the world that will help enable commercial fusion energy (eg DEMO - Demonstration Power Plant - and STEP - Spherical Tokamak for Electricity Production). Unfortunately the ITER superconducting magnets will not be suitable for commercialisation of fusion energy because they are not modular or demountable. If one of the TF coils at ITER is damaged, it will take at least one year to replace it. Furthermore in commercial tokamaks, modular magnets and joints will need replacing using remote handling because the levels of activation will make direct human entry impossible. CCFE have world-class expertise at RACE, including more than 20 years handling remote operations for JET. This PhD will bring together the expertise to develop next generation demountable superconducting joints for fusion energy applications. PhD Research Project and Supervision : The PhD research project will be experimental. It will include a collaboration between Durham University and The Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE) designing, fabricating and measuring joints for new demountable magnets. The student will focus on developing novel joint designs, considering both traditional low- and high-temperature superconductors. The timescale for first-plasma at ITER (2025) offers a wonderful opportunity for early career Physicists to help pioneer new demountable magnet designs using low- and high-temperature superconductors. They will be expected to network with scientists throughout the world working on fusion.

博士研究项目的背景：：聚变能的商业化需要具有可拆卸超导接头的模块化磁体。它们将在高磁场中的低温下工作。在这个项目中，博士生将设计，开发和测试新的可拆卸超导接头使用传统的低温和高温超导体。这些接头必须满足以下要求：低成本、低损耗、热稳定、电稳定和机械稳定，以及远程操作。达勒姆（超导集团）和CCFE（STEP和RACE）的专业人员和设施将在这些接头的设计和制造中进行合作。高电流测试将在达勒姆的高场低温设施中进行。世纪之初，正在法国卡达拉什建造的ITER（国际热核聚变实验堆）托卡马克是最令人兴奋的科学项目之一（http：//www.iter.org/）。它将产生500兆瓦的电力，大约是机器运行所需电力的十倍。超导性是这个项目的技术支持，因为没有它，保持等离子体的磁铁要么熔化，要么消耗比托卡马克产生的更多的能量。ITER大约三分之一的成本来自使用低温超导体的超导磁体。在ITER之后，我们预计将在世界各地建造新的托卡马克，这将有助于实现商业聚变能源（例如DEMO -示范发电厂-和STEP -用于发电的球形托卡马克）。不幸的是，ITER超导磁体将不适合聚变能的商业化，因为它们不是模块化的或可拆卸的。如果ITER的TF线圈损坏，至少需要一年的时间来更换它。此外，在商业托卡马克中，模块化磁体和接头需要通过远程操作进行更换，因为激活水平将使人类无法直接进入。CCFE在RACE方面拥有世界一流的专业知识，包括20多年为JET处理远程操作的经验。这个博士学位将汇集专业知识，开发下一代可拆卸超导接头用于聚变能应用。博士研究项目和监督：博士研究项目将实验。它将包括达勒姆大学和卡勒姆聚变能中心（CCFE）之间的合作，设计，制造和测量新的可拆卸磁铁的接头。学生将专注于开发新的接头设计，同时考虑传统的低温和高温超导体。ITER（2025年）首次等离子体的时间表为早期职业物理学家提供了一个极好的机会，可以帮助开拓使用低温和高温超导体的新的可拆卸磁体设计。他们将与世界各地从事核聚变研究的科学家建立网络。