Bilateral cochlear implants:Physiology and psychophysics

双侧人工耳蜗：生理学和心理物理学

• 批准号: 7150633
• 负责人: Bertrand Delgutte
• 金额: $ 37.36万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-12-01 至 2008-09-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7150633
• 关键词: Acoustic Nerve; Acoustic Stimulation; Acoustics; Animals; Auditory; Auditory system; Bilateral; Boston; Brain Stem; Cell Nucleus; Cochlea; Cochlear Implants; Code; Condition; Cues; Custom; Data; Dependence; Detection; Devices; Discrimination; Ear; Effectiveness; Electric Stimulation; Electrodes; Elements; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem; Eye; Felis catus; Fiber; Frequencies; Goals; Hand; Hearing; Human; Image; Implant; Individual; Inferior Colliculus; Just-Noticeable Differences; Knowledge; Laboratories; Lead; Location; Maps; Massachusetts; Measures; Michigan; Modeling; Music; Nature; Nerve; Neurons; Noise; Numbers; Patients; Pattern; Performance; Phase; Physiologic pulse; Physiological; Physiology; Population; Positioning Attribute; Principal Investigator; Procedures; Process; Property; Psychophysics; Psychophysiology; Pulse Rates; Pulse taking; Range; Rate; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research Personnel; Series; Side; Signal Transduction; Site; Sound Localization; Source; Speech; Stimulus; Structure; Techniques; Testing; Theoretical model; Time; Training; Universities; Variant; base; binaural hearing; design; human subject; improved; interest; neural model; novel; relating to nervous system; research study; response; sound; sound frequency

Binaural hearing is essential for accurate sound localization and for hearing out sounds of interest among competing sound sources, and these binaural advantages are an important motivating factor for the increasing number of bilateral cochlear implants. In this application, investigators from three laboratories at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, MIT, and Boston University join together to propose closely- integrated psychophysical, neural and modeling studies that seek to identify the best stimulus configurations for effectively encoding binaural information in bilateral implants. The primary focus is on interaural time differences (ITD) because ITD is a dominant cue for sound localization, and because binaural advantages in detection depend on ITD. The psychophysical experiments will be conducted in human patients implanted bilaterally with Clarion devices. The neural experiments will be conducted in deafened, anesthetized cats implanted bilaterally with intracochlear electrode arrays. Single and multi-unit recordings will be made from the inferior colliculus (IC), for which a great deal of information is available on binaural properties of neurons. In order to explicitly and quantitatively test our understanding of the empirical results, we will also use models of binaural processing to predict both IC responses and psychophysical abilities from ch_¿cr,inticm_ nf anditorv nerve activity in responm to electric stimulation. The s_cific aims are to (1) letermine the relative effectiveness of temporal envelope and fine structure for ITD coding in electric hearing, (2) determine how 1TD sensitivity depends on interaural disparities in cochlear locations of the stimulating electrodes, (3) determine whether there is a binaural advantage for signal detection in noise with bilateral stimulation. An important goal of these experiments will be to test a novel processing strategy that seeks to improve the representation of the stimulus waveform in temporal discharge patterns of auditory neurons by using an ongoing, high-rate, desynchronizing pulse train as the carrier waveform. Overall, these studies will provide basic knowledge about the stimulus parameters that influence binaural interactions in electric hearing and are likely to lead to new processor designs specifically adapted to bilateral cochlear implants.

双耳听觉对于准确的声音定位和听到感兴趣的声音是必不可少的 在竞争声源中，这些双耳优势是一个重要的激励因素， 双侧人工耳蜗植入的数量越来越多。在这项申请中，来自三个实验室的研究人员 在马萨诸塞州眼耳医院，麻省理工学院和波士顿大学联合起来，提出了一个紧密的建议- 综合的心理物理，神经和建模研究，旨在确定最佳的刺激配置 用于在双侧植入物中有效地编码双耳信息。主要关注的是两耳间时间 因为ITD是声音定位的主要线索，并且因为双耳优势， 检测依赖于ITD。心理物理学实验将在人类患者中进行， 与Clarion器械进行双向连接。神经实验将在麻醉的猫身上进行 双侧植入脑内电极阵列。将进行单单元和多单元记录 从下丘（IC），其中大量的信息是可利用的双耳属性， 神经元为了明确和定量地测试我们对实证结果的理解，我们将 我还使用双耳处理模型来预测IC反应和心理物理能力， 电刺激引起的神经活动。其科学目标是（1） 确定了时域包络和精细结构在ITD编码中的相对有效性， 听力，（2）确定1 TD灵敏度如何取决于耳蜗位置的耳间差异， 刺激电极，（3）确定是否存在用于噪声中的信号检测的双耳优势， 双侧刺激这些实验的一个重要目标是测试一种新的处理策略， 寻求改善听觉的时间放电模式中的刺激波形的表示， 神经元通过使用一个正在进行的，高速率的，deserzizing脉冲串作为载波波形。总的来说，这些 研究将提供有关影响双耳交互的刺激参数的基本知识， 并且可能导致专门适用于双侧耳蜗的新处理器设计 植入物.