Bilateral cochlear implants: Physiology and psychophysics

双侧人工耳蜗：生理学和心理物理学

• 批准号: 7581485
• 负责人: Bertrand Delgutte
• 金额: $ 46.21万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-12-01 至 2013-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7581485
• 关键词: Acoustic Nerve; Acoustic Stimulation; Acoustics; Address; Adult; Affect; Age of Onset; Animal Model; Animal Testing; Animals; Anus; Auditory; Behavioral; Bilateral; Biophysics; Boston; Brain Stem; Cochlea; Cochlear Implants; Cochlear implant procedure; Complex; Cues; Data; Development; Discrimination; Ear; Electric Stimulation; Electrodes; Electronics; Environment; Eye; Face; Felis catus; Fire - disasters; Goals; Grant; Hearing; Hearing Impaired Persons; Human; Implant; Individual; Inferior Colliculus; Ion Channel; Lateral; Lead; Localized; Massachusetts; Medial; Midbrain structure; Modeling; Morphology; Nerve Fibers; Neurons; Noise; Olives - dietary; Patients; Pattern; Performance; Peripheral; Physiological; Physiology; Plants; Population; Process; Property; Psychology; Psychophysics; Psychophysiology; Range; Recording of previous events; Research Personnel; Series; Shapes; Sound Localization; Source; Speech; Stimulus; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Universities; Work; auditory pathway; binaural hearing; compare effectiveness; computer studies; critical developmental period; deafness; deprivation; design; electric field; experience; human subject; implantation; improved; neurophysiology; novel strategies; relating to nervous system; research study; response; sound; trend

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Bilateral cochlear implantation aims at restoring the functional benefits of binaural hearing to the profoundly deaf. While wearers of bilateral implants show improved sound localization and speech reception in noise, their ability to process interaural time differences (ITD) is still far from normal, resulting in smaller binaural benefits than normal in everyday acoustic environments. In this application, investigators from the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, MIT, and Boston University combine their expertise in psychophysics, neurophysiology and neural computation in order to gain a basic understanding of the ITD processing with bilateral cochlear implants. Psychophysical experiments in bilaterally-implanted human subjects will be conducted in parallel with single-unit recordings from the inferior colliculus of deaf cats implanted bilaterally with intracochlear electrode arrays. The specific aims are to (1) compare neural ITD sensitivity in animals differing in age of onset of deafness and duration of deafness in order to test whether deprivation of binaural experience has an effect on ITD sensitivity and whether there is a critical period for these effects; (2) characterize the effects of electrode interactions on both neural and behavioral ITD sensitivity in order to understand how ITD is processed with multi-channel stimulation as occurs when listening through a processor and in the presence of multiple sound sources; (3) develop models for binaural brainstem neurons to understand the mechanisms underlying neural ITD sensitivity with bilateral implants, and models for activity patterns in populations of neurons to predict psychophysical performance, and compare the effectiveness of various strategies for estimating the stimulus ITD from the population activity. These studies will increase our basic understanding of how neural, psychophysical and electrode factors interact with binaural experience in shaping performance with bilateral cochlear implants. They are also likely to lead to new binaural sound processors for bilateral cochlear implants that work better in everyday acoustic environments comprising multiple sound sources and reverberation, and that are adapted to specific types of patients depending on their history of binaural experience and deprivation. Finally, the combination of controlled deafening, bilateral cochlear implantation and neural recording offers a novel approach for studying the plasticity of the binaural system. The profoundly deaf increasingly receive cochlear implants in both ears in the hope that such bilateral implantation will improve their ability to localize sounds and understand speech in noise. Our studies combine expertise from neurophysiology, psychology and biophysics in order to gain a basic understanding of the challenges wearers of bilateral implants face in everyday situations and how performance interacts with their history of deafness. These studies will likely lead to new electronic sound processors for bilateral implants that work better in noise and are better adapted to specific types of deafness histories.

描述（由申请人提供）：双侧人工耳蜗植入旨在恢复深度耳聋患者双耳听力的功能优势。虽然双侧植入物的佩戴者在噪声中显示出改善的声音定位和言语接收，但他们处理耳间时间差（ITD）的能力仍然远未正常，导致双耳益处比日常声学环境中的正常情况要小。在本申请中，来自马萨诸塞州眼耳医院、麻省理工学院和波士顿大学的研究人员联合收割机他们在心理物理学、神经生理学和神经计算方面的专业知识，以便对双侧人工耳蜗植入的ITD处理过程有一个基本的了解。在双侧植入的人类受试者中进行的心理物理学实验将与双侧植入脑内电极阵列的聋猫下丘的单单位记录平行进行。具体目的是（1）比较不同耳聋发病年龄和耳聋持续时间的动物的神经ITD敏感性，以测试双耳经验的剥夺是否对ITD敏感性有影响，以及这些影响是否存在关键期;（二）表征电极相互作用对神经和行为ITD敏感性的影响，以了解如何用多个（3）开发双耳脑干神经元模型以了解双侧植入物的神经ITD敏感性的潜在机制，以及神经元群体的活动模式模型以预测心理物理性能，并比较用于从群体活动估计刺激ITD的各种策略的有效性。这些研究将增加我们对神经、心理物理和电极因素如何与双耳经验相互作用以塑造双侧人工耳蜗植入体性能的基本理解。他们也可能导致新的双耳声音处理器的双侧人工耳蜗植入，更好地工作在日常的声学环境，包括多个声源和混响，并适应特定类型的患者，这取决于他们的历史双耳的经验和剥夺。最后，控制性耳聋、双侧人工耳蜗植入和神经记录的结合为研究双耳系统的可塑性提供了一种新的方法。越来越多的深度失聪者双耳都接受人工耳蜗植入，希望这种双侧植入能提高他们定位声音和在噪音中理解语言的能力。我们的研究结合了神经生理学、心理学和生物物理学的联合收割机专业知识，以基本了解双侧植入体的佩戴者在日常生活中面临的挑战，以及性能如何与他们的耳聋史相互作用。这些研究可能会导致新的电子声音处理器的双边植入物，更好地工作在噪音和更好地适应特定类型的耳聋的历史。