Evolution of heteromorphic sex chromosomes in Reptilia

爬行动物异形性染色体的进化

• 批准号: 7216702
• 负责人: Daniel E Janes
• 金额: $ 4.88万
• 依托单位: HARVARD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-04-01 至 2008-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7216702
• 关键词: Address; Alligators; American; Amphibia; Attention; Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes; Birds; Bone callus; Chickens; Chordata; Chromosome Band; Chromosome Mapping; Chromosome Painting; Chromosome Pairing; Chromosomes; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9; Constitution; Crustacea; DNA Insertion Elements; Data; Embryonic Development; Emu species; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Equipment and supply inventories; Evaluation; Evolution; Exhibits; Fellowship; Female; Fishes; Foundations; Gene Cluster; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Recombination; Genomics; Germ Lines; High temperature of physical object; Homologous Gene; Human; IRE-Binding Protein; In Situ Hybridization; Individual; Inherited; Insecta; Investigation; Laboratories; Lead; Libraries; Life; Light; Lizards; Location; Maintenance; Mammals; Maps; Measures; Methods; Molecular; Molecular Evolution; Museums; Mutation; Names; National Research Service Awards; Neighborhoods; Nematoda; Numbers; Organism; Oryzias; Paint; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Phenotype; Phylogenetic Analysis; Phylogeny; Physiological; Platyhelminths; Polymerase; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Population; Population Genetics; Process; Production; Publishing; Rana; Range; Rate; Ratite; Recording of previous events; Relative (related person); Reporting; Reptiles; Research Personnel; Rice; Sampling; Screening procedure; Sex Chromosomes; Sex Differentiation; Sex Functioning; Sex Ratio; Sexual Development; Shotguns; Staging; Synteny; Techniques; Temperature; Testing; Time; Training; Turtles; Undifferentiated; Universities; Vertebrates; Visit; X Chromosome; Y Chromosome; Zoology; autosome; cold temperature; comparative; genetic sex determination; genome sequencing; male; progenitor; response; sex; sex determination; sry Genes; theories; tissue culture; tool; transposon/insertion element; vertebrate genome

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The recent creation of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries will allow us to sequence and compare portions of sex chromosomes among reptiles and birds. Sex-determining (SD) genes have been found on sex chromosomes in some species and on autosomes in other species. Identification of SD genes consistently found in synteny on either sex chromosomes or autosomes could explain the initiation of sex differentiation in environmentally and genetically SD species. For example, the Sry gene on the Y chromosome initiates sex differentiation in mammals. No Sry homolog has been found in non-mammalian vertebrates. We will use flourescent in situ hybridization and chromosome painting to locate SD genes in representative reptiles and birds. We will compare syntenies of SD genes. Our mapping of SD genes and syntenies will be compared with patterns of heterogamety and SD mechanism. Our broad approach to comparative genomics will allow us to address questions about initiation of sex differentiation in birds and reptiles, genomic differences between species with either genetic or environmental SD mechanisms, causes of chromosomal degeneration, and the history of heteromorphic chromosomes in birds and reptiles.

描述（由申请人提供）：最近建立的细菌人工染色体（BAC）文库将使我们能够对爬行动物和鸟类的部分性染色体进行测序和比较。在一些物种的性染色体和其他物种的常染色体上发现了性别决定基因。在性染色体或常染色体上发现一致的SD基因，可以解释环境和遗传上SD物种性别分化的开始。例如，Y染色体上的Sry基因启动哺乳动物的性别分化。在非哺乳动物脊椎动物中未发现Sry同源物。我们将利用荧光原位杂交和染色体涂画技术定位具有代表性的爬行动物和鸟类的SD基因。我们将比较SD基因的合成。我们的SD基因定位和合成将与异配子模式和SD机制进行比较。我们广泛的比较基因组学方法将使我们能够解决有关鸟类和爬行动物性别分化的开始，遗传或环境SD机制下物种之间的基因组差异，染色体退化的原因以及鸟类和爬行动物异型染色体的历史等问题。

项目成果

Comparative genomics based on massive parallel transcriptome sequencing reveals patterns of substitution and selection across 10 bird species.

• DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2009.04487.x
• 发表时间: 2010-03
• 期刊: Molecular ecology
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: Künstner A;Wolf JB;Backström N;Whitney O;Balakrishnan CN;Day L;Edwards SV;Janes DE;Schlinger BA;Wilson RK;Jarvis ED;Warren WC;Ellegren H
• 通讯作者: Ellegren H

Sex chromosome evolution in amniotes: applications for bacterial artificial chromosome libraries.

• DOI: 10.1155/2011/132975
• 发表时间: 2011
• 期刊: Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology
• 作者: Janes DE;Valenzuela N;Ezaz T;Amemiya C;Edwards SV
• 通讯作者: Edwards SV