Mitochondrial Aconitase and Parkinson's Disease

描述（由申请人提供）：本提案的长期目标是阐明帕金森病（PD）中线粒体氧化应激产生多巴胺能神经元死亡的机制。线粒体氧化应激、生物能量下降和铁超载产生并共同导致帕金森病中与年龄相关的神经元死亡的确切机制尚不清楚。据推测，帕金森病的神经元损伤部分是由线粒体乌头酸酶氧化失活引起的直接超氧自由基毒性引起的。该假说预测，由于Complex I抑制或多巴胺代谢异常引起的超氧化物产生，使含[4Fe-4S]Z+的线粒体乌头酶失活，导致乌头酶活性丧失，释放出Fe Z+和H202。因此，这个关键的TCA循环酶的翻译后修饰可能导致铁负荷增加、氧化负荷增加和生物能量下降。在线粒体乌头酶Mrna的5'非翻译区存在铁响应元件（IRE），为帕金森病中铁失调提供了另一种机制。该提案将利用人类PD样本，PD动物模型（1-甲基-4-苯基- 1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶和6-羟多巴胺）和多巴胺能细胞培养模型，结合多种工具和技术，包括生化分析，共聚焦显微镜，分子生物学和转基因/敲除/衰老小鼠。特异性Aim 1将确定线粒体乌头酶是否在人类和实验性帕金森病中失活。衰老和慢性线粒体氧化应激的影响将通过缺乏MnSOD（一种关键的线粒体抗氧化剂）的小鼠来确定。特异性目的2将确定线粒体乌头酶失活是否有助于铁稳态受损。特异性目的3将确定使用天然或合成抗氧化剂（例如MnSOD转基因小鼠或金属卟啉）清除线粒体超氧化物是否以一种与实验性帕金森病中铁过载减少和神经元死亡相关的方式保护线粒体乌头酶失活。特异性Aim 4将确定实验性帕金森病中线粒体乌头酶失活的下游后果。具体而言，我们将研究5' IRE mRNA对脑线粒体乌头酶合成的调控，对TCA循环能力的影响以及乌头酶基因沉默的直接神经毒性。这些研究可以促进我们对帕金森病神经元死亡的氧化机制的理解，并为从年龄相关性神经变性中拯救神经元提供新的治疗策略。此外，这条研究路线可以解释帕金森病是由遗传因素和环境因素引起的。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term goal of this proposal is to elucidate the mechanism by which mitochondrial oxidative stress produces dopaminergic neuronal death in Parkinson's Disease (PD). The precise mechanism by which mitochondrial oxidative stress, bioenergetic decline and iron overload arise and collaborate to produce age-related neuronal death in Parkinson's disease remains unclear. It is hypothesized that neuronal damage in Parkinson's disease results, in part from direct superoxide radical toxicity due to oxidative inactivation of mitochondrial aconitase. The hypothesis predicts that superoxide production, arising from Complex I inhibition or abnormal dopamine metabolism, inactivates [4Fe-4S]Z+-containing mitochondrial aconitase, resulting in loss of aconitase activity and release Fe z+ and H202. Posttranslational modification of this key TCA cycle enzyme can therefore result in an increased iron load, oxidant burden and bioenergetic decline. The presence of an iron responsive element (IRE) in the 5' untranslated region of the mitochondrial aconitase Mrna provides an additional mechanism for iron dysregulation in Parkinson's disease. The proposal will utilize human PD samples, animal models of PD (1-methyl-4-phenyl-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and 6-hydroxydopamine) and dopaminergic cell culture models in conjunction with a diversity of tools and techniques that include biochemical analyses, confocal microscopy, molecular biology and transgenic/knockout/aging mice. Specific Aim 1 will determine whether mitochondrial aconitase is inactivated in human and experimental Parkinson's disease. The influence of aging and chronic mitochondrial oxidative stress will be determined using mice deficient in MnSOD, a critical mitochondrial antioxidant. Specific Aim 2 will determine whether mitochondrial aconitase inactivation contributes to impaired iron homeostasis. Specific Aim 3 will determine whether scavenging mitochondrial superoxide using native or synthetic antioxidants (e.g. MnSOD transgenic mice or metalloporphyrins) protect against mitochondrial aconitase inactivation in a manner that correlates with decreased iron overload and neuronal death in experimental Parkinson's disease. Specific Aim 4 will determine the downstream consequences of mitochondrial aconitase inactivation in experimental Parkinson's disease. Specifically, regulation of brain mitochondrial aconitase synthesis by the 5' IRE in its mRNA, impact on the TCA cycle capacity and direct neurotoxicity of aconitase gene silencing will be examined. These studies can advance our understanding of the oxidative mechanisms of neuronal death in Parkinson's disease and suggest novel therapeutic strategies for rescuing neurons from age-related neurodegeneration. Additionally, this line of investigation may explain Parkinson's disease arising from genetic factors uncovered by aging as well as environmental factors.