Narratives of hope: small stories of desistance; building social capital amid on-going Covid 19 restrictions at HMP/YOI Winchester

希望的叙述：停止的小故事；

• 批准号: 2875591
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Sussex
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2875591
• 关键词: Narratives; hope; small; stories; desistance

Penal reform is necessary, urgent, and indicative of our moral and ethical compass. The UK's prison system has, 'the highest imprisonment rates in western Europe, with more than 44% reconvicted of another offence within one year of release. For those who have served more than 10 previous custodial sentences the rate of reoffending rises to 77%.' (PRT, 2022, p. 2). Prisons are inherently oppressive environments, and can be, 'brutalising with many inmates trapped in squalid, dirty and disgraceful cells' (Clarke, 2017). This context has been intensified following nearly two years of severe restrictions brought about by the Covid 19 pandemic, and a 'decade of declining standards in prisons in England and Wales' (PRT, 2021).The 2016 Coates review highlights the potential of rehabilitation to, 'transform individuals' lives and contribute to building safer communities and reducing the significant financial and social costs of reoffending (UK annual estimate £9.5-£13 billion)'. Rehabilitation is an inherently complex, problematic, and debated term. Martinson (1974) established the 'nothing works' doctrine, this was revised by McGuire (2004) with 'what works'. Maruna (2019) asserts that neither 'what works' or 'desistance' research is capable of producing a 'secret formula' to reduce crime, but we still need all possible social science evidence to make sense out of the 'complexity of crime'. Thisethnographic study address this by investigating the value of prison theatre education (theatre devised by prisoners) for framing rehabilitation as social capital and desistance as set against a prison context described as 'desperate' (Howard League for Prison Reform, 2022).The current government prioritises rehabilitative education as, 'the attainment of academic qualifications and practical skills, so prisoners are, equipped for work on release' (MoJ, 2021). However, this fails to address the complex hierarchy of social and emotional human needs of prisoners. The National Criminal Justice Arts Alliance (NCJAA) (2021) asserts that access to arts and creative activity is essential for more holistic prisoner health and wellbeing, and therefore these activities have a crucial role to play. However, prison-based arts practices often, 'rely too much on anecdotal evidence' (MoJ, 2019) to be able to demonstrate efficacy in relation to supporting theories of desistance.To address this gap, this ethnographic study seeks to understand and evidence the contribution of prison theatre within a rehabilitative context focused on desistance and the development of social capital. The study will consider how desistance theories (Cernkovich et al.,2002; Maruna et al., 2019) are evident in prisoner's accounts of their experiences. Todd-Kvam (2021) asserts that desistance develops at 'micro levels' and is supported by social networks and relationships. Desistance is typically understood to be 'more than just an absence of crime, it is the maintenance of crime-free behaviour and is an active process in itself. It is a journey that involves the pursuit of a positive life' (Maruna, 2007, p. 652).Social capital, 'has received little attention in the prison setting' (Butler et al. 2016, p. 1). Bourdieu (1986) states that social capital is built on the potential of individuals to secure benefits and invent solutions to problems through membership in social networks. The study will consider how desistance and social capital emerge in prisoners' new narratives in custody and post release, and how they might inform new modalities of rehabilitation that precede long-term life change.The research presents a rare opportunity to access HMP/YOI Winchester; described by HM Chief Inspector of prisons as 'one of the 'most troubled and violent prisons in the country' with 'prisoners not having enough to do' and feeling 'bored and frustrated by the lack of activity' (2022).

刑罚改革是必要的、紧迫的，也是我们道德和伦理指南针的标志。英国监狱系统的监禁率是西欧最高的，超过44%的人在获释后一年内因另一项罪行再次被定罪。对于那些之前服刑10次以上的人来说，再犯率上升到77%。(PRT，2022，第2页)。监狱本身就是一个令人压抑的环境，而且可能是“残酷的，许多囚犯被困在肮脏、肮脏和可耻的牢房里”(克拉克，2017)。这一背景在经历了近两年的Covid 19大流行带来的严格限制之后得到了加强，并且“英格兰和威尔士监狱的标准持续下降了十年”(PRT，2021年)。2016年Coates审查强调了康复的潜力，以“改变个人的生活，为建立更安全的社区做出贡献，并降低再犯罪的重大经济和社会成本(英国年度估计为95亿-130亿GB)”。康复本身就是一个复杂、有问题和有争议的术语。马丁森(1974)确立了“不起作用”的学说，麦奎尔(2004)用“起作用的东西”对这一学说进行了修正。马鲁纳(2019)断言，无论是“有效的”研究还是“中止”研究都不能产生减少犯罪的“秘密公式”，但我们仍然需要所有可能的社会科学证据来解释“犯罪的复杂性”。这项人种学研究通过调查监狱戏剧教育(由囚犯设计的戏剧)的价值，将监狱戏剧教育(由囚犯设计的戏剧)作为社会资本来框架改造，并将其置于被描述为“绝望”的监狱背景下(霍华德监狱改革联盟，2022)。目前的政府将改造教育放在优先位置，因为“获得学历和实用技能，因此囚犯有能力在获释后工作”(MoJ，2021)。然而，这未能解决囚犯的社会和情感人类需求的复杂等级。国家刑事司法艺术联盟(NCJAA)(2021年)声称，获得艺术和创造性活动对于更全面的囚犯健康和福祉至关重要，因此这些活动具有至关重要的作用。然而，监狱中的艺术实践往往“过于依赖轶事证据”(MoJ，2019)，无法证明与支持戒毒理论有关的有效性。为了解决这一差距，这项民族志研究试图在专注于戒毒和社会资本发展的康复背景下理解和证明监狱戏剧的贡献。这项研究将考虑暂缓执行理论(Cernkovich等人，2002年；Maruna等人，2019年)如何在囚犯对其经历的描述中显而易见。托德-克瓦姆(Todd-Kvam，2021)断言，停滞是在“微观层面”发展起来的，并受到社会网络和人际关系的支持。暂缓执行通常被理解为“不仅仅是没有犯罪，它是维持无犯罪行为，本身就是一个积极的过程。它是一个涉及追求积极生活的旅程”(Maruna，2007，p.652)。社会资本“在监狱环境中很少受到关注”(Butler等人)。2016，第1页)。Bourdieu(1986)指出，社会资本是建立在个人通过成为社会网络成员来确保利益和发明解决问题的解决方案的潜力之上的。这项研究将考虑囚犯在羁押和释放后的新叙事中如何出现暂缓和社会资本，以及它们如何为长期生活变化之前的新的改造方式提供信息。这项研究提供了一个难得的机会来访问HMP/YOI Winchester；被HM首席监狱督察描述为“全国最麻烦和最暴力的监狱之一”，“囚犯没有足够的事情做”，感到“无聊和沮丧的缺乏活动”(2022)。