Being forever stuck in the asylum queue or progressing with temporary protection: is South America approaching the end of asylum?

永远被困在庇护队列中还是在临时保护下取得进展：南美的庇护即将结束吗？

• 批准号: 2879586
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2879586
• 关键词: Being; forever; stuck; asylum; queue

The cross-border movement of over 5 million Venezuelans (R4V, 2022) only in the South American continent has surfaced significant legal, political, and social challenges to extant paths for protection. The emergence of new temporary mechanisms to address Venezuelan mobility has reconducted their claims from asylum to other temporary migratory measures (R4V, 2022) even when some of them may have international protection needs. While such shifts may appear familiar to policymakers and scholars in Europe, in South America, temporary mechanisms to address mixed movements are recent and are producing unique transformations that are both similar and different to what has been studied in the European context. The proposed topic is innovative since it analyses the progression from one system to another in South America integrating both the States and policy responses and the individual contestation. Recent scholar literary has not addressed yet the Venezuelan case study of mixed migration as a paradigm of this tension between the asylum and the migratory system and the subsequent shift from one to another. With this gap, this research proposal will formulate the following question: Does the contemporary legal and policy praxis in South America, resulting from Venezuelan cross-border mobility in the region, signal an end of asylum practice as the scholarly conception understands it? The implications of the transition from one system to another might be divided into two approaches. At the top-down level, it could be associated with the erosion of asylum as a legal institution created and enforced by States and its subsequent replacement with other domestic and temporary measures. It also demonstrates how the non-citizen is perceived as a "migrant" as the only category applicable to those who aspire to reside in a third country. On a bottom-up approach, the progression might indicate asylum is blurring as a legal protection form orientated to bring long-term residence schemes to individuals who experience persecution and other kinds of violence in their country of origin. Studying this new change of paradigm will contribute to two tiers. On the one hand, it enables understanding that other continents are replacing asylum policies towards pragmatic and temporary mechanisms, blurring asylum as a legal protection category. On the other hand, it will help to analyse the impact on the non-citizen, who find in the temporary mechanisms a small but significant space to resist the legal ambiguity and build a future with the migratory possibilities offered by States.

仅在南美大陆就有500多万委内瑞拉人（R4V, 2022）跨境流动，这给现有的保护途径带来了重大的法律、政治和社会挑战。解决委内瑞拉流动问题的新临时机制的出现，使他们的申请从庇护转向其他临时移民措施（R4V, 2022），即使其中一些人可能有国际保护需求。虽然欧洲的政策制定者和学者可能对这种转变很熟悉，但在南美洲，解决混合运动的临时机制是最近才出现的，并且正在产生独特的转变，这些转变与欧洲背景下的研究既相似又不同。拟议的专题具有创新性，因为它分析了南美洲从一种制度到另一种制度的进展，结合了国家和政策反应以及个人争论。最近的学者文献尚未将委内瑞拉混合移民的案例研究作为庇护和移民制度之间紧张关系的范例，以及随后从一个到另一个的转变。有了这一差距，本研究计划将提出以下问题：委内瑞拉在该地区的跨境流动所导致的南美当代法律和政策实践，是否标志着学术概念所理解的庇护实践的结束？从一个系统过渡到另一个系统的含义可以分为两种方法。在自上而下的一级上，这可能与庇护作为国家建立和执行的一种法律制度受到侵蚀以及随后被其他国内和临时措施所取代有关。它还表明，非公民如何被视为“移徙者”，这是唯一适用于那些渴望在第三国居住的人的类别。从自下而上的角度来看，这一进展可能表明，庇护作为一种旨在为在原籍国遭受迫害和其他类型暴力的个人提供长期居住计划的法律保护形式正在变得模糊。研究这种范式的新变化将有助于两个层面。一方面，它使人们认识到，其他大陆正在以务实和临时机制取代庇护政策，使庇护作为一种法律保护类别变得模糊。另一方面，它将有助于分析对非公民的影响，他们在临时机制中发现了一个很小但很重要的空间，可以抵制法律上的模糊性，并利用各国提供的移徙可能性建立一个未来。